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The Role of IgE and IgG Antibodies in Allergic Reactions:...
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The Role of IgE and IgG Antibodies in Allergic Reactions: Cellular Mechanisms and Biological Implications

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 1039

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Monique Vogel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Immunology, University Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Interests: allergy; immunotherapy; IgE; CD23; virus-like particles
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Paul Engeroff

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hosptial of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Interests: B cells; T follicular helper cells; germinal centre; fc receptors; immune complexes; IgE; allergy; autoimmunity; immunotherapy; vaccination
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The central role of IgE in allergic diseases has been extensively researched, placing IgE antibodies and their functions at the forefront of therapeutic efforts against allergies. IgE antibodies play a crucial role in initiating and perpetuating allergic inflammation by binding to FcεRI receptors on effector cells. This interaction triggers effector cell activation, leading to the release of potent inflammatory mediators.

In recent years, it has become clear that IgG is an essential regulator of allergic responses. On the one hand, allergen-specific IgG antibodies can induce hypersensitivity reactions by activating Fcg receptors. On the other hand, most clinical and experimental data have identified IgG as a negative regulator of IgE-dependent allergies. Both natural allergen-specific IgG and immunotherapy-induced IgG are capable of suppressing allergies either as blocking or inhibitory antibodies. Other research has shed light on the presence of endogenous anti-IgE IgG autoantibodies which can reduce IgE levels, prevent FcεRI sensitization, and therefore suppress allergy. In addition, recent findings have highlighted the role of glycans in the induction of anti-IgE antibodies, revealing a complex dynamic between glycans, IgE, and IgG in allergic diseases.

This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of the latest progress in understanding the role of IgE and IgG in allergic diseases, covering both cellular mechanisms and biological implications.

Prof. Dr. Monique Vogel
Dr. Paul Engeroff
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • IgE
  • IgG
  • allergy
  • inflammation
  • glycosylation
  • immunotherapy
  • autoantibodies
  • Fc receptors
  • soluble receptors

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 7358 KiB  
Article
Predicting Tolerance to Cow’s Milk Allergy in Children Using IgE and IgG4 Peptide Binding Profiles
by Carlos Fernández-Lozano, Sergio Olmos-Piñero, Laura Sánchez-Ruano, Soledad Terrados, Mª del Carmen Diéguez, Montserrat Fernández-Rivas, Cristina Vlaicu, Inmaculada Cerecedo, Alejandro Gonzalo-Fernandez, Belén de la Hoz and Javier Martínez-Botas
Cells 2025, 14(5), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14050344 - 27 Feb 2025
Viewed by 440
Abstract
Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy in infants. This study aimed to identify peptide biomarkers predictive of tolerance in a Spanish population of children with CMA. We investigated specific IgE and IgG4 binding to sequential epitopes of the five [...] Read more.
Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy in infants. This study aimed to identify peptide biomarkers predictive of tolerance in a Spanish population of children with CMA. We investigated specific IgE and IgG4 binding to sequential epitopes of the five major CM allergens (α-s1-, α-s2-, β-, and κ-caseins as well as β-lactoglobulin) using a microarray-based immunoassay. Microarray analysis was performed in 118 patients at baseline and after 6, 18, 30, 42, and 54 months. Most patients tolerated CM at 6 months (40.7%) and 18 months (35.4%). We found significant differences in IgE and IgG4 binding intensity and diversity between allergic and tolerant patients. No differences were observed at baseline. Combining baseline IgE and IgG4 serology variables and peptide microarray analysis results, a predictive model was developed using the XGBoost algorithm to classify tolerance status at different time points. The generated models showed high predictive value at 6 and 30 months with AUCs of 0.883 and 0.833, respectively. Therefore, using IgE and IgG4 antibody-binding peptides at baseline, we generated two models predicting tolerance in children with cow’s milk allergy at 6 and 30 months. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of IgE and IgG Antibodies in Allergic Reactions: Cellular Mechanisms and Biological Implications)
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Review

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20 pages, 1696 KiB  
Review
Role of IgG4 Antibodies in Human Health and Disease
by Li-li Shi, Peng Xiong, Minglin Yang, Ozge Ardicli, Stephan Raphael Schneider, Anders Boutrup Funch, Ayca Kiykim, Juan Lopez, Cezmi A. Akdis and Mübeccel Akdis
Cells 2025, 14(9), 639; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14090639 - 25 Apr 2025
Viewed by 298
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4), a unique subclass of IgG antibodies, plays diverse roles in human health and disease. Its distinct features, such as Fab-arm exchange and specific mutations, confer reduced effector functions compared to other IgG subclasses. In health, IgG4 responses contribute to immune [...] Read more.
Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4), a unique subclass of IgG antibodies, plays diverse roles in human health and disease. Its distinct features, such as Fab-arm exchange and specific mutations, confer reduced effector functions compared to other IgG subclasses. In health, IgG4 responses contribute to immune tolerance, particularly in the context of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), where they can mediate tolerance to environmental antigens, inhibit IgE-dependent mast cell degranulation, and compete with IgE for allergen binding. This helps in attenuating allergic symptoms and is associated with increased levels of allergen-specific IgG4. However, in disease scenarios, the role of IgG4 is complex. IgG4 lacks complement fixation and, thus, shows a reduced ability to activate immune effector pathways, it was initially thought to be protective against autoimmune diseases. However, emerging evidence suggests that it can contribute to pathology. For instance, IgG4 autoantibodies against specific antigens can aggravate conditions in certain autoimmune disorders. In some cancers, it may play a role in immune evasion, with higher levels correlating with poor patient survival, albeit in others, its exact function remains elusive. Overall, understanding the precise role of IgG4 in various physiological and pathological conditions is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of IgE and IgG Antibodies in Allergic Reactions: Cellular Mechanisms and Biological Implications)
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