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Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
Interests: innate immunity; inflammation; resolution of inflammation; leukocytes; endothelial cells; apoptosis; formyl peptide receptors; toll-like receptors; lipid mediators; acute-phase proteins; intracellular signaling; sepsis; ARDS; acute coronary artery disease
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Acute inflammation is a protective, self-limited mechanism to eliminate invading pathogens and restore homeostasis. Uncontrolled or non-resolving inflammation is a prominent component of many common diseases such as cardiovascular, pulmonary, immune and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndromes, diabetes, and cancer. Since the inflammatory response is critical for survival, the current anti-inflammatory therapies have limitations and often do not lead to repair of affected tissues. Hence, it is critical to appreciate mechanism that control the inflammatory reactions and orchestrate the resolution. Advanced techniques, such as intravital microscopy, single cell sequencing, genetic fate mapping and metabolomics, have driven considerable research in the field, spawning studies into more complex interactions.

This Special Issue will address inflammatory cell heterogeneity and fate within the inflammatory locus and characterize novel mechanisms (for example, NETosis, reverse migration, transcriptional burst, efferocytosis, microbiota regulation of leukocyte functions) that shape the diverse roles of leukocyte subsets in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions with an emphasis how these mechanisms can be harnessed for development of novel therapeutic approaches.

Prof. Dr. János G. Filep
Guest Editor

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

Open AccessCommunication

CD45RA and CD45RO Are Regulated in a Cell-Type Specific Manner in Inflammation and Sepsis

Muhammad G. T. Ahmed

Andreas Limmer

and

Matthias Hartmann

Cells 2023, 12(14), 1873; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12141873 - 17 Jul 2023

Viewed by 527

Abstract

CD45 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is located on the surface of all leukocytes and modulates both innate and adaptive immune system functions. In a recent study, inflammation modulated the CD45 expression in leukocytes, but the effect on the expression of CD45 subtypes is unknown. In the present study, we therefore investigated the effect of inflammatory conditions in humans (surgery, sepsis) and ex vivo incubation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the expression of the subtypes CD45RA and CD45RO in granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes. Whole blood samples were obtained from healthy volunteers, postoperative patients, and patients with sepsis at day 1 of diagnosis, respectively. Samples were incubated with fluorescent antibodies directed against CD45, CD45RA and CD45RO in the absence and presence of lipopolysaccharide and subjected to flow cytometry. In comparison to volunteers, CD45RA surface expression in postoperative and septic patients was reduced by 89% exclusively on granulocytes, but not on lymphocytes or monocytes. In contrast, CD45RO was exclusively reduced on lymphocytes, by 82%, but not on other cell types. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses demonstrated that CD45RA (on granulocytes) and CD45RO (on lymphocytes) allow a good differentiation of volunteers and patients with sepsis (AUC = 0.9; p = 0.0001). The addition of LPS to the whole blood samples obtained from volunteers, postoperative patients, and septic patients markedly increased the CD45RO expression in granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes. In contrast, LPS reduced CD45RA exclusively on monocytes. In conclusion, the surface expression of CD45RA and CD45RO is regulated in inflammation in a cell-type- and stimulus-specific manner. Considering that CD45 subtypes are critically involved in immune system signaling, the pathophysiologic and diagnostic implications warrant further investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Leukocytes in Inflammation, Resolution of Inflammation, Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer—Series 2)

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Figure 1

Open AccessArticle

CD301b+ Macrophages as Potential Target to Improve Orthodontic Treatment under Mild Inflammation

and

Cells 2023, 12(1), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12010135 - 29 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1054

Abstract

Due to improvements of quality of life and the demand for aesthetics, more and more people are choosing orthodontic treatments, resulting in a surge in adult orthodontic patients in recent years. However, a large amount of clinical evidence shows that many orthodontic patients have mild periodontitis in the periodontal tissues, which affects the efficacy of the orthodontic treatment or aggravates the periodontal condition. Therefore, it is important to identify the key factors that affect orthodontic treatments in this inflammatory environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of macrophages in orthodontic treatments under inflammatory environments. By analyzing the functional groups of macrophages in the orthodontic rat model of periodontitis, we found that macrophages with high expression levels of CD301b could improve the periodontal microenvironment and improve the efficiency of the orthodontic tooth movement. CD301b+ macrophages transplanted into the model can promote osteogenesis around orthodontic moving teeth, improve bone remodeling during orthodontic treatment, and accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. Considered together, these results suggest that CD301b+ macrophages may play an active role in orthodontic treatments in inflammatory environments and may serve as potential regulatory targets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Leukocytes in Inflammation, Resolution of Inflammation, Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer—Series 2)

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