Ophthalmological Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Keep an Eye on It
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Pathogenesis
4. Episcleritis and Scleritis
4.1. Episcleritis
4.2. Scleritis
5. Uveitis
6. Corneal Disease and Other Rare Manifestations
7. Treatment
Pathophysiology | Clinical Manifestations | Epidemiology | Therapeutic Molecules | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Episcleritis/scleritis | Multifactorial, mostly unknown |
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Uveitis | Ectopic over-expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines in extra-intestinal tissues * Bacterial antigen cross-reactivity molecular mimicry Microbial translocation |
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|
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Keratitis | Altered innate Immunity |
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Retinal vasculitis, retinal vascular occlusions, optic neuritis | Genetic predisposition ** Environmental factors |
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8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Migliorisi, G.; Vella, G.; Dal Buono, A.; Gabbiadini, R.; Busacca, A.; Loy, L.; Bezzio, C.; Vinciguerra, P.; Armuzzi, A. Ophthalmological Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Keep an Eye on It. Cells 2024, 13, 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13020142
Migliorisi G, Vella G, Dal Buono A, Gabbiadini R, Busacca A, Loy L, Bezzio C, Vinciguerra P, Armuzzi A. Ophthalmological Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Keep an Eye on It. Cells. 2024; 13(2):142. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13020142
Chicago/Turabian StyleMigliorisi, Giulia, Giovanna Vella, Arianna Dal Buono, Roberto Gabbiadini, Anita Busacca, Laura Loy, Cristina Bezzio, Paolo Vinciguerra, and Alessandro Armuzzi. 2024. "Ophthalmological Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Keep an Eye on It" Cells 13, no. 2: 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13020142
APA StyleMigliorisi, G., Vella, G., Dal Buono, A., Gabbiadini, R., Busacca, A., Loy, L., Bezzio, C., Vinciguerra, P., & Armuzzi, A. (2024). Ophthalmological Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Keep an Eye on It. Cells, 13(2), 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13020142