Ophthalmological Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Keep an Eye on It
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Pathogenesis
4. Episcleritis and Scleritis
4.1. Episcleritis
4.2. Scleritis
5. Uveitis
6. Corneal Disease and Other Rare Manifestations
7. Treatment
Pathophysiology | Clinical Manifestations | Epidemiology | Therapeutic Molecules | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Episcleritis/scleritis | Multifactorial, mostly unknown |
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Uveitis | Ectopic over-expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines in extra-intestinal tissues * Bacterial antigen cross-reactivity molecular mimicry Microbial translocation |
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Keratitis | Altered innate Immunity |
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Retinal vasculitis, retinal vascular occlusions, optic neuritis | Genetic predisposition ** Environmental factors |
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8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Migliorisi, G.; Vella, G.; Dal Buono, A.; Gabbiadini, R.; Busacca, A.; Loy, L.; Bezzio, C.; Vinciguerra, P.; Armuzzi, A. Ophthalmological Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Keep an Eye on It. Cells 2024, 13, 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13020142
Migliorisi G, Vella G, Dal Buono A, Gabbiadini R, Busacca A, Loy L, Bezzio C, Vinciguerra P, Armuzzi A. Ophthalmological Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Keep an Eye on It. Cells. 2024; 13(2):142. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13020142
Chicago/Turabian StyleMigliorisi, Giulia, Giovanna Vella, Arianna Dal Buono, Roberto Gabbiadini, Anita Busacca, Laura Loy, Cristina Bezzio, Paolo Vinciguerra, and Alessandro Armuzzi. 2024. "Ophthalmological Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Keep an Eye on It" Cells 13, no. 2: 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13020142
APA StyleMigliorisi, G., Vella, G., Dal Buono, A., Gabbiadini, R., Busacca, A., Loy, L., Bezzio, C., Vinciguerra, P., & Armuzzi, A. (2024). Ophthalmological Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Keep an Eye on It. Cells, 13(2), 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13020142