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Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures
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Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 August 2025) | Viewed by 13038

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Zhihua Chen

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Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
Interests: steel structures; space structure; composite structures; fabricated and modular construction; aluminium alloy structure; timber and bamboo structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yiyi Zhou

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Guest Editor
College of Future Technologies, Hohai University, Changzhou 213251, China
Interests: steel structures; space structure; composite structures; topology optimization; intelligent construction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Hongbo Liu

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Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
Interests: steel structures; space structures; aluminum alloy structures; glued timber structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Hai Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 30384, China
Interests: high-performance materials; reinforced concrete structures; fabricated construction; civil structure protection and reinforcement
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the rapidly evolving landscape of engineering, the field of structural engineering stands at the forefront of innovation, continuously pushing the boundaries of civil engineering. This Special Issue, entitled "Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures", aims to capture and disseminate the latest research advancements that are reshaping the building structures. It serves as a platform for experts and scholars to explore the intricate interplay between advancements in materials science and their applications in building structures. It highlights the transformative impact of novel materials, such as high-performance concrete, metals, bio-based materials, and smart materials, on the design, performance, and durability of structures. This Special Issue also focuses on the innovations of building structures, such as fabricated and modular structures, steel structures, composite structures, bio-based structures, etc. The contributions within this Special Issue pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in modern structural engineering, ultimately contributing to the development of safer, more efficient, and environmentally friendly materials and buildings.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Materials.

Prof. Dr. Zhihua Chen
Prof. Dr. Yiyi Zhou
Prof. Dr. Hongbo Liu
Prof. Dr. Hai Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • structural engineering
  • high-performance materials
  • high-efficiency buildings
  • steel and composite structures
  • performance of building structures

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Published Papers (19 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 6691 KB  
Article
Study on Blast Mitigation Protection of Underground Station Structures Using Phononic Crystals
by Jihu Wu, Chuqiao Bo, Dai Wang, Zhongxian Liu, Filip Broniewicz and Miroslaw Broniewicz
Buildings 2025, 15(21), 4006; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15214006 (registering DOI) - 6 Nov 2025
Abstract
Urban subways, as critical strategic spaces, require underground structures with sufficient blast-resistant capabilities. To evaluate the blast resistance performance of underground station structures under ground-level nuclear explosion air shock waves, a three-dimensional finite element model of an underground station was developed using LS-DYNA. [...] Read more.
Urban subways, as critical strategic spaces, require underground structures with sufficient blast-resistant capabilities. To evaluate the blast resistance performance of underground station structures under ground-level nuclear explosion air shock waves, a three-dimensional finite element model of an underground station was developed using LS-DYNA. The blast mitigation effects of phononic crystals are primarily analyzed and the influence of parameters such as spatial arrangement, buried depth, and material properties of phononic crystals on the blast resistance of underground station structures is systematically examined. The results indicate that a denser configuration of phononic crystals enhances the blast mitigation effect, while the maximum displacement of the structure is increased. Considering the structure’s maximum response and economic feasibility, a spacing of 2 m between phononic crystals is recommended. Additionally, the blast mitigation effect stabilizes when the number of phononic crystal layers exceeds a certain threshold, with two layers being optimal. The buried depth of the phononic crystals has a limited effect on blast mitigation; therefore, positioning them midway between the ground surface and the structure at a depth of 2 m is advised. The material properties of the phononic crystals also have a significant impact on the blast protection. Rubber was found to yield the lowest dynamic response of the station structure, providing the best protective effect. These findings offer insights for designing phononic crystal-based blast protection in underground station structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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25 pages, 6415 KB  
Article
Microscopic Numerical Simulation of Compressive Performance of Steel-Recycled PET Hybrid Fiber Recycled Concrete
by Shaolong Guo, Qun Lu, Krzysztof Robert Czech and Julita Krassowska
Buildings 2025, 15(21), 3893; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15213893 - 28 Oct 2025
Viewed by 234
Abstract
Numerical simulations, unlike experimental studies, eliminate material and setup costs while significantly reducing testing time. In this study, a random distribution program for steel-recycled polyethylene terephthalate hybrid fiber recycled concrete (SRPRAC) was developed in Python (3.11), enabling direct generation in Abaqus. Mesoscopic simulation [...] Read more.
Numerical simulations, unlike experimental studies, eliminate material and setup costs while significantly reducing testing time. In this study, a random distribution program for steel-recycled polyethylene terephthalate hybrid fiber recycled concrete (SRPRAC) was developed in Python (3.11), enabling direct generation in Abaqus. Mesoscopic simulation parameters were calibrated through debugging and sensitivity analysis. The simulations examined the compressive failure mode of SRPRAC and the influence of different factors. Results indicate that larger recycled coarse aggregate particle sizes intensify tensile and compressive damage in the interfacial transition zone between the coarse aggregate and mortar. Loading rate strongly affects outcomes, while smaller mesh sizes yield more stable results. Stronger boundary constraints at the top and bottom surfaces lead to higher peak stress, peak strain, and residual stress. Failure was mainly distributed within the specimen, forming a distinct X-shaped damage zone. Increasing fiber content reduced the equivalent plastic strain area above the compressive failure threshold, though the effect diminished beyond 1% total fiber volume. During initial loading, steel fibers carried higher tensile stresses, whereas recycled polyethylene terephthalate fibers (rPETF) contributed less. After peak load, tensile stress in rPETF increased significantly, complementing the gradual stress increase in steel fibers. The mesoscopic model effectively captured the stress–strain damage behavior of SRPRAC under compression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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22 pages, 6991 KB  
Article
Numerical Study on the Flexural Performance of Fully Bolted Joint for Panelized Steel Modular Structure
by Hao Wang, Xuetong Li, Conghe Tian, Jintao Cui, Xuyue Wang, Chuan Zhao and Yanlai Li
Buildings 2025, 15(20), 3807; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15203807 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 302
Abstract
To investigate the initial rotational stiffness and ultimate moment of fully bolted connections in panelized steel modular structures, a finite element analysis was carried out on 20 joint models. High-fidelity models were developed using ABAQUS, and their accuracy was confirmed through comparison with [...] Read more.
To investigate the initial rotational stiffness and ultimate moment of fully bolted connections in panelized steel modular structures, a finite element analysis was carried out on 20 joint models. High-fidelity models were developed using ABAQUS, and their accuracy was confirmed through comparison with experimental tests. A parametric study was performed to systematically evaluate the effects of the column wall thickness in the core zone, internal diaphragm configurations, angle steel thickness, and stiffener layouts on the joint stiffness and ultimate strength, leading to practical optimization suggestions. Additionally, a mechanical model and a corresponding formula for predicting the initial rotational stiffness of the joints were proposed based on the component method in Eurocode EC3. The model was validated against the finite element results, showing good reliability. Three failure modes were identified as follows: buckling deformation of the beam flange, buckling deformation of the column flange, and deformation of the joint panel zone. In joints with a weak core zone, both the use of internal diaphragms and increased column wall thickness effectively improved the initial rotational stiffness and ultimate bearing capacity. For joints with weak angle steel connections, adding stiffeners or increasing the limb thickness significantly enhanced both the stiffness and capacity. The diameter of bolts in the endplate-to-column flange connection was found to have a considerable effect on the initial rotational stiffness, but minimal impact on the ultimate strength. This study offers a theoretical foundation for the engineering application of panelized steel modular structural joints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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26 pages, 6777 KB  
Article
Research on the Safety Judgment of Cuplok Scaffolding Based on the Principle of Image Recognition
by Jiang Xue, Shuile Bai, Guanhao Ruan and Marcin Gryniewicz
Buildings 2025, 15(20), 3737; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15203737 - 17 Oct 2025
Viewed by 234
Abstract
Due to their technical complexity, multi-step procedures, and low efficiency, traditional monitoring techniques have struggled to meet the rapid development of safety management on construction sites in assessing the safety of cuplok scaffolding. Therefore, this study applied image recognition technology to the safety [...] Read more.
Due to their technical complexity, multi-step procedures, and low efficiency, traditional monitoring techniques have struggled to meet the rapid development of safety management on construction sites in assessing the safety of cuplok scaffolding. Therefore, this study applied image recognition technology to the safety monitoring of cuplok scaffold systems. A recognition model for identifying member shapes in images of cuplok scaffolds was proposed. Combined with a judgment criterion established based on the energy method, the safety state of the scaffold system was evaluated, ultimately forming an image recognition-based technique for detecting the safety performance of cuplok scaffolds. Experimental studies on a reduced-scale model demonstrated that the proposed method achieved an accuracy and efficiency of 80% in both recognition and judgment. The results indicated that this method enables rapid and efficient safety performance monitoring of cuplok scaffolding, holding significant practical implications for improving monitoring efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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34 pages, 19165 KB  
Article
Research on Design of Modular Apartment Building Product Platform for Manufacture and Assembly: A Case Study of the Modular Dormitory Building Design Project
by Meng Wang, Xinrui Li, Feng Li and Jianghua Wang
Buildings 2025, 15(19), 3585; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15193585 - 5 Oct 2025
Viewed by 846
Abstract
Currently, the global construction industry is facing challenges of stagnant efficiency and cost overruns. The potential of modular construction has not been fully unleashed due to the disconnection between design and manufacturing. This paper proposes a P-DFMA (Platform-Design for Manufacture and Assembly) building [...] Read more.
Currently, the global construction industry is facing challenges of stagnant efficiency and cost overruns. The potential of modular construction has not been fully unleashed due to the disconnection between design and manufacturing. This paper proposes a P-DFMA (Platform-Design for Manufacture and Assembly) building product platform architecture for modular apartments. The research establishes a three-level standardization framework of “modular unit-component-connector”, covering core residential modules, light steel keel systems, and high-strength bolt joints. Finite element simulation using SimSolid is employed to ensure manufacturing feasibility, and a standardized component library and a full-process collaborative P-DFMA architecture for modular apartments are developed. Verified through the case of the modular dormitory building project at Tianjin Chengjian University, the results show that compared with the traditional prefabricated construction mode, the P-DFMA platform mode achieves a cost savings rate of 54.8% in project design, production, and cross-link collaboration. This proves the feasibility and architectural advantages of the platform in improving the full-process efficiency and optimizing costs of modular buildings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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15 pages, 2846 KB  
Article
Seismic Performance Analysis of a New Type of Fabricated Concrete Beam–Column Joint
by Jintao Cui, Renyuan Zhang, Zhanyuan Gao, Chenchen Yuan and Julita Krassowska
Buildings 2025, 15(19), 3435; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15193435 - 23 Sep 2025
Viewed by 457
Abstract
Nodes are the key factors to ensure the performance of prefabricated building structures. A new type of prefabricated concrete beam–column node is proposed to address the problems of steel bar congestion, installation and construction difficulties, and difficulty in ensuring node quality in existing [...] Read more.
Nodes are the key factors to ensure the performance of prefabricated building structures. A new type of prefabricated concrete beam–column node is proposed to address the problems of steel bar congestion, installation and construction difficulties, and difficulty in ensuring node quality in existing concrete beam–column nodes. The node structure and design method are provided, and scaled model tests are conducted to analyze the stress distribution and bearing capacity of the core area of the node under low-cycle reciprocating loads. Comparative analysis was conducted on the experimental process and phenomena between the node and ordinary concrete beam–column joints, and seismic performance indicators such as hysteresis curve, skeleton curve, stiffness, and stiffness degradation were studied. The research results indicate that the structure of the new prefabricated concrete beam–column node is reasonable, and it is easy to manufacture and install. The hysteresis performance of the new prefabricated beam–column node is better than that of the ordinary concrete beam–column node, and the initial stiffness of the new joint is 25% higher than that of the conventional cast-in-place joint, and its construction efficiency is improved by approximately 30% in labor hours and 20% in construction duration due to the elimination of wet trades. The overall bearing capacity is improved, and the energy consumption performance is excellent, which is in line with the seismic design concept. The research results will be beneficial for the design and engineering application of new prefabricated concrete beam–column joints and will further promote the promotion and application of prefabricated concrete buildings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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16 pages, 2293 KB  
Article
Influence of Gas Explosions in Utility Tunnels on the Structural Safety of Overhead Pipelines
by Dai Wang, Jian Dong, Xuan Chen, Jianmei Du, Dawei Shu and Julita Krassowska
Buildings 2025, 15(18), 3391; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15183391 - 19 Sep 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 569
Abstract
For the possible damage to overhead pipelines caused by gas explosions in utility tunnels, an overall three-dimensional finite-element model of utility tunnel–soil–pipeline is established, the overpressure loads are applied to the inner wall of the gas chamber in the utility tunnel, the dynamic [...] Read more.
For the possible damage to overhead pipelines caused by gas explosions in utility tunnels, an overall three-dimensional finite-element model of utility tunnel–soil–pipeline is established, the overpressure loads are applied to the inner wall of the gas chamber in the utility tunnel, the dynamic response laws of the utility tunnel and the pipeline are calculated and analyzed, and anti-explosion protection measures are proposed. The results show that the degree of damage to the pipe wall is determined by both the explosion-impacted area and the soil constraint. Under the same explosion-impacted area, the peak horizontal displacement of the monitoring point without soil constraint is 1.64 times that with soil constraint, and 1.29 times for the peak vertical displacement. The damage to the lower part of the pipeline is significantly greater than that to the upper part of the pipeline, and the damage to the pipeline decreases with an increase in the horizontal angle between the utility tunnel and the pipeline. The diameter deformation rates were 49% at α = 0° and 84% at α = 45°, with α = 90° showing the least damage. Therefore, it is suggested that the overhead pipeline is perpendicular to the utility tunnel. As the vertical distance between the utility tunnel and the pipeline increases, the diameter deformation rate and displacement of the pipeline both decrease, and when this distance is greater than 3 m, the influence on the pipeline significantly decreases. Therefore, it is recommended that the distance between the pipeline and the utility tunnel should be at least 3 m. In addition, the damage caused by gas explosions to the overhead pipeline can be reduced by reinforcing the gas chamber, using energy-absorbing materials around the utility tunnel, and setting up hollow piles between the utility tunnel and pipelines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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30 pages, 11264 KB  
Article
Design and Implementation of Health Monitoring System for an Airport Terminal Building with a Large-Span Truss Steel Structure
by Jintao Cui, Xuyue Wang, Xuetong Li, Yuchen Liu, Panfeng Ba, Chujin Xu and Tadeusz Chyży
Buildings 2025, 15(18), 3308; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15183308 - 12 Sep 2025
Viewed by 412
Abstract
This study investigates the structural health monitoring and stress prediction of large-span steel roof structures in airport terminals, focusing on the impact of temperature variations and the development of an advanced hybrid prediction model. A comprehensive monitoring system was designed and implemented to [...] Read more.
This study investigates the structural health monitoring and stress prediction of large-span steel roof structures in airport terminals, focusing on the impact of temperature variations and the development of an advanced hybrid prediction model. A comprehensive monitoring system was designed and implemented to track key structural responses, including stress, displacement, and temperature, revealing significant correlations between thermal effects and structural behavior. To enhance predictive accuracy, a BO-CNN-LSTM hybrid model was proposed, integrating Bayesian optimization with convolutional and long short-term memory neural networks. The model demonstrated superior performance in capturing spatial–temporal stress patterns compared to traditional methods, providing a reliable tool for real-time structural assessment and early warning. The findings highlight the importance of temperature effects on structural integrity and offer practical insights for the health monitoring of large-span steel structures in complex environments. This study provides a reference for future research on structural health monitoring and performance assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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21 pages, 8396 KB  
Article
Assessment of Steel-Framed Subassemblies with Extended Reverse Channel Connections Under Falling Debris Impact
by Hao Wang, Lijie Zhao, Qi Zhang, Jianshuo Wang, Yongping Xie and Marcin Gryniewicz
Buildings 2025, 15(17), 3230; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15173230 - 8 Sep 2025
Viewed by 498
Abstract
Progressive collapse of building structures induced by accidental extreme loads has garnered significant attention. This study aimed to assess the impact resistance of steel-framed subassemblies with extended reverse channel connections under falling debris impact. It also sought to provide technical support for anti-collapse [...] Read more.
Progressive collapse of building structures induced by accidental extreme loads has garnered significant attention. This study aimed to assess the impact resistance of steel-framed subassemblies with extended reverse channel connections under falling debris impact. It also sought to provide technical support for anti-collapse design. Drop-hammer impact tests were conducted to obtain baseline data. A validated finite element model using ANSYS/LS-DYNA was employed for the parametric analyses. The key parameters investigated included the impact location (mid-span vs. beam end), falling height of the impactor, and span-to-depth ratio of steel beams, with a focus on the impact resistance. The results reveal that the impact resistance depends on both the peak load capacity and the deformation capacity. The mid-span impacts exhibited higher resistance at falling heights ≥ 1.0 m due to greater plastic deformation. In contrast, the beam-end impacts performed better when the falling heights were ≤0.5 m. The impact resistance decreased with an increasing falling height. The reduction ratios exceeded the theoretical values due to the post-impact gravitational energy input. Smaller SDRs enhanced the peak resistance under both impact scenarios, with more pronounced effects in the mid-span cases. Catenary action significantly improved the mid-span impact resistance (19.3–66.7%). However, it contributed minimally to the beam-end impact resistance (0.61–1.09%), where shear action dominated. These findings offer critical technical support for optimizing steel structure designs to resist falling debris impact and enhance overall structural robustness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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25 pages, 7145 KB  
Article
Fragility Analysis of Prefabricated RCS Hybrid Frame Structures Based on IDA
by Yuliang Wang, Guocan Sun, Xuyue Wang, Xinyue Zhang and Czesław Miedziałowski
Buildings 2025, 15(17), 3207; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15173207 - 5 Sep 2025
Viewed by 466
Abstract
The prefabricated reinforced concrete columns–steel girder (RCS) hybrid frame structure using column–column connections is a kind of green and environmentally friendly building structure; its seismic performance is investigated. The seismic susceptibility and key influencing factors are systematically evaluated through the establishment of an [...] Read more.
The prefabricated reinforced concrete columns–steel girder (RCS) hybrid frame structure using column–column connections is a kind of green and environmentally friendly building structure; its seismic performance is investigated. The seismic susceptibility and key influencing factors are systematically evaluated through the establishment of an analytical model and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method. A typical three-span, six-story prefabricated RCS hybrid frame structure is designed and numerically modeled with good agreement with the test data. Sa(T1,5%) and PGA double ground motion intensity parameters are selected for IDA analysis. A comparison between the quantile curve method and the conditional logarithmic standard deviation method reveals that using Sa(T1, 5%) as the intensity measure (IM) provides greater reliability for analyzing the vulnerability of the prefabricated RCS hybrid frame structure. The seismic probability demand model of the structure is fitted with Sa(T1,5%) as a parameter and the seismic fragility curves of the structure are plotted; this shows that the slope of the seismic fragility curves becomes smaller after the structure enters the elastic–plastic state, and exhibits good seismic performance. By studying the effects of concrete strength, longitudinal reinforcement strength, and the axial compression ratio on the seismic fragility, it can be seen that with the increase in concrete strength and longitudinal reinforcement strength, and the decrease in axial compression ratio, the overall ductility of the structure increases, the resistance to lateral deformation of the RCS hybrid frame structure is enhanced, and the seismic performance of the prefabricated structure is improved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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27 pages, 8884 KB  
Article
Damage Characteristics Analysis of High-Rise Frame-Core-Tube Building Structures in Soft Soil Under Earthquake Action
by Jiali Liang, Shifeng Sun, Gaole Zhang, Dai Wang, Yong Yu, Jihu Wu and Krzysztof Robert Czech
Buildings 2025, 15(17), 3085; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15173085 - 28 Aug 2025
Viewed by 591
Abstract
This paper analyzes the seismic performance and damage characteristics of high-rise frame-core-tube structures on soft soil, explicitly incorporating dynamic soil–pile–structure interaction (SSI). A refined 3D finite element model of a 52-storey soil–pile–structure system was developed in ABAQUS, utilizing viscous-spring boundaries and the equivalent [...] Read more.
This paper analyzes the seismic performance and damage characteristics of high-rise frame-core-tube structures on soft soil, explicitly incorporating dynamic soil–pile–structure interaction (SSI). A refined 3D finite element model of a 52-storey soil–pile–structure system was developed in ABAQUS, utilizing viscous-spring boundaries and the equivalent nodal force method for seismic input. Nonlinear analyses under six seismic waves were compared to a fixed-base model neglecting SSI. Key findings demonstrate that SSI significantly alters structural response; it amplifies lateral displacements and inter-storey drift ratios throughout the structure, particularly at the top level. While total base shear decreased, frame column base shear forces substantially increased. SSI also reduced peak top-storey accelerations, diminished short-period spectral components, and prolonged the predominant period of response spectra. Analysis of member damage revealed SSI generally reduced compressive and tensile damage in core walls, floor slabs, and frame beams. Principal compressive stresses at the base of frame columns increased under SSI. These results highlight the necessity of including dynamic SSI in seismic analysis for high-rises on soft soil, specifically due to its detrimental amplification of forces in frame columns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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20 pages, 4175 KB  
Article
Influence of Size and Content of Recycled Aggregate on Mechanical Properties of Concrete
by Huanqin Liu, Nuoqi Shi, Zhifa Yu, Bin Liu and Yonglin Zhu
Buildings 2025, 15(17), 3009; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15173009 - 24 Aug 2025
Viewed by 700
Abstract
To promote the recycling and reuse of waste concrete, this study investigated the comprehensive impact of recycled aggregate (RA) content and particle size on the mechanical properties of concrete. A novel equivalence parameter (λeq) of RA was developed to consider the [...] Read more.
To promote the recycling and reuse of waste concrete, this study investigated the comprehensive impact of recycled aggregate (RA) content and particle size on the mechanical properties of concrete. A novel equivalence parameter (λeq) of RA was developed to consider the influence of RA content and size on the mechanical properties of concrete. Empirical equations were developed using linear regression to describe the test results and predict the impact of content and size of RA on the mechanical properties of concrete. The results showed that the comprehensive impact on the mechanical strength of recycled concrete shows a certain regularity when the content and particle size of RA change simultaneously. The measured mechanical properties and regression equations provided a reference and basis for engineering applications, such as the processing of RA in a crushing plant, the design of mix proportions in concrete using RA, and the rapid assessment of mechanical properties on-site. This study provides a design method and technical path for green construction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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24 pages, 6801 KB  
Article
Research on Working and Mechanical Properties of Self-Compacting Steel-Fiber-Reinforced High-Strength Concrete
by Huanqin Liu, Nuoqi Shi, Zhifa Yu and Yonglin Zhu
Buildings 2025, 15(16), 2875; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15162875 - 14 Aug 2025
Viewed by 652
Abstract
This paper discusses the potential of using steel fiber to produce self-compacting high-strength concrete. The effects of water–binder ratio and mortar and steel fiber content on the workability and mechanical properties of high-performance concrete were studied. The working performance of cementitious materials was [...] Read more.
This paper discusses the potential of using steel fiber to produce self-compacting high-strength concrete. The effects of water–binder ratio and mortar and steel fiber content on the workability and mechanical properties of high-performance concrete were studied. The working performance of cementitious materials was evaluated by a slump expansion test, T500, L-shaped instrument, U-shaped instrument, and V-shaped funnel. The mechanical properties were evaluated by compressive strength and flexural strength. The results show that when the compressive strength of self-compacting high-strength concrete with steel fiber is 90 MPa, the optimum mix ratio is a water–binder ratio of 0.22, sand ratio of 46%, and steel fiber content of 0.3%. When the steel fiber content is 0.3%, the compressive strength of the time can be increased by more than 4%, and the flexural strength can be increased by more than 5%. When the steel fiber content is 0.6% to 0.9%, the compressive strength of the specimen can be increased by more than 10%, and the flexural strength can be increased by more than 7%. However, with the increase in steel fiber content, self-compacting concrete becomes less and less dense, and the bond strength becomes lower and lower. When the water–binder ratio is 0.20, the fluidity of self-compacting concrete is poor, and the forming effect is not good. When the water–binder ratio is 0.24, the working performance of self-compacting concrete is better, but the cohesion is poor, and it can easily produce segregation. When the water–binder ratio is 0.22, the working performance of self-compacting concrete can be the best, and the strength of concrete is higher and more stable. The optimum sand ratio is 46%. At this time, the compressive strength and flexural strength of self-compacting concrete are the largest, and the working performance is also the best. When the sand ratio is lower than the optimum sand ratio, the self-compacting concrete will produce segregation. When the sand ratio is higher than the optimum sand ratio, the fluidity of self-compacting concrete is poor. This study provides insights into the potential for large-scale and high-value utilization of steel fibers and the development of cost-effective ways to reduce the carbon footprint of self-compacting concrete production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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23 pages, 8675 KB  
Article
Research on the Deterioration Mechanism of PPF Mortar-Masonry Stone Structures Under Freeze–Thaw Conditions
by Jie Dong, Hongfeng Zhang, Zhenhuan Jiao, Zhao Yang, Shaohui Chu, Jinfei Chai, Song Zhang, Lunkai Gong and Hongyu Cui
Buildings 2025, 15(14), 2468; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15142468 - 14 Jul 2025
Viewed by 533
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the low-temperature toughness and crack resistance of polypropylene fiber-reinforced composites. However, there is still a gap in the research on damage evolution under freeze–thaw cycles and complex stress ratios. To solve the problem of durability degradation of [...] Read more.
Significant progress has been made in the low-temperature toughness and crack resistance of polypropylene fiber-reinforced composites. However, there is still a gap in the research on damage evolution under freeze–thaw cycles and complex stress ratios. To solve the problem of durability degradation of traditional rubble masonry in cold regions, this paper focuses on the study of polypropylene fiber-mortar-masonry blocks with different fiber contents. Using acoustic emission and digital image technology, the paper conducts a series of tests on the scaled-down polypropylene fiber-mortar-masonry structure, including uniaxial compressive tests, three-point bending tests, freeze–thaw cycle tests, and tests with different stress ratios. Based on the Kupfer criterion, a biaxial failure criterion for polypropylene fiber mortar-masonry stone (PPF-MMS) was established under different freeze–thaw cycles. A freeze–thaw damage evolution model was also developed under different stress ratios. The failure mechanism of PPF-MMS structures was analyzed using normalized average deviation (NAD), RA-AF, and other parameters. The results show that when the dosage of PPF is 0.9–1.1 kg/m3, it is the optimal content. The vertical stress shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase in the stress ratio, and when α = 0.5, the degree of strength increase reaches the maximum. However, the freeze–thaw cycle has an adverse effect on the internal structure of the specimens. Under the same number of freeze–thaw cycles, the strength of the specimens without fiber addition decreases more rapidly than that with fiber addition. The NAD evolution rate exhibits significant fluctuations during the middle loading period and near the damage failure, which can be considered precursors to specimen cracking and failure. RA-AF results showed that the specimens mainly exhibited tensile failure, but the occurrence of tensile failure gradually decreased as the stress ratio increased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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23 pages, 6396 KB  
Article
Shear Performance of Reinforced Shear Pocket Joint in Light Steel—Recycled Concrete Composite Floor
by Jinliang Bian, Jingwei Zhang, Lidong Zhao, Wei Gan and Wanlin Cao
Buildings 2025, 15(13), 2267; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15132267 - 27 Jun 2025
Viewed by 501
Abstract
To address the challenges of slow construction and high self-weight in steel–concrete composite floors for rural light steel frame structures in China, a new prefabricated floor system was developed. This system features prefabricated slabs made from recycled concrete, connected via reinforced shear pocket [...] Read more.
To address the challenges of slow construction and high self-weight in steel–concrete composite floors for rural light steel frame structures in China, a new prefabricated floor system was developed. This system features prefabricated slabs made from recycled concrete, connected via reinforced shear pocket joints. In seismic environments, assembly floor joints often become vulnerable points, making their shear resistance particularly crucial. This study investigated the shear performance of this new type of floor joint, examining the effects of various parameters such as joint configuration, stud diameter, recycled concrete strength, and grout strength. A refined finite element model was established for an in-depth parameter analysis. The research revealed stud–shear failure as the mode of floor joint failure under different design parameters. The detailed design of the new joint structure ensures safety in the floor joint area. Increasing stud diameter, recycled concrete strength, and grout strength all contributed to enhancing the joint’s shear capacity and stiffness, with stud diameter having the most significant impact. Higher recycled concrete strength improved shear capacity, although its influence decreased beyond a certain threshold. Optimal reserved hole diameter proved beneficial for enhancing joint shear performance, with a diameter of 40 mm showing superior performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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19 pages, 9778 KB  
Article
Experimental and Numerical Research on the Mechanical Properties of a Novel Prefabricated Diaphragm Wall–Beam Joint
by Yang Liu, Guisheng Yang, Chunyu Qi, Peng Zhang, Tao Cui and Ran Song
Buildings 2025, 15(7), 1158; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15071158 - 2 Apr 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 955
Abstract
Based on the engineering context of prefabricated underground station structures, this paper proposed a novel diaphragm wall–beam joint based on post-poured ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) and non-contact lap-spliced steel bars. This research study designed and conducted a full-scale experiment on the diaphragm wall–beam joints. [...] Read more.
Based on the engineering context of prefabricated underground station structures, this paper proposed a novel diaphragm wall–beam joint based on post-poured ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) and non-contact lap-spliced steel bars. This research study designed and conducted a full-scale experiment on the diaphragm wall–beam joints. The failure modes, bearing capacity, overall stiffness, crack resistance performance, and force transmission mechanism of the new diaphragm wall–beam joint were investigated. Additionally, a three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of the wall–beam joint was developed using the software ABAQUS 2020. The model was validated against experimental results and used for further analysis. The results showed that the tensile through-cracks at the UHPC-diaphragm wall interface characterize the final failure process. The proposed UHPC joint could satisfy the structural design requirements in terms of crack resistance and bearing capacity. No rebar pulled-out damage was observed, and the non-contact lap-spliced length of 10d in the UHPC joint was sufficient. Compared with the traditional cast-in-place concrete joint, the cracking moment and yield moment of the proposed UHPC joint increased by 8.7% and 5.4%, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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23 pages, 8454 KB  
Article
Theoretical and Parametric Studies on the Lateral-Resistant Performance of the Steel Grid Shear Wall
by Yan Yang, Xiangyu Yan, Zhihua Chen and Yuanhao Wen
Buildings 2025, 15(7), 1099; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15071099 - 28 Mar 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 661
Abstract
This study investigates a novel steel grid shear wall (SGSW) structure with lightweight and discrete lateral-resistance members, focusing on its structural behavior in lateral resistance. By comparing the characteristics of the thin steel plate shear wall, the mechanism of the steel grid components [...] Read more.
This study investigates a novel steel grid shear wall (SGSW) structure with lightweight and discrete lateral-resistance members, focusing on its structural behavior in lateral resistance. By comparing the characteristics of the thin steel plate shear wall, the mechanism of the steel grid components in both the tension zone and compression zone was briefly described. The formulas of lateral-resistant capacity and initial stiffness of the SGSW were derived through the static equilibrium method. Then, the influence laws of the span–height ratio, steel member spacing and section size of the steel members on the lateral-resistant performance of the SGSW were determined through a parametric analysis. In addition, the accuracy of the calculation formula was validated. The results showed that the strains of the steel grid components in different positions were all the same when the bending stiffnesses of the edge members were significantly large. The lateral-resistance capacity of the SGSW increased with the span-to-height ratio, while it decreased as the spacing between the steel components increased. Compared with the effects of web height, web thickness and flange width, increasing the flange thickness exhibited the best effects on improving the lateral capacity. As the flange thickness increased from 7 mm to 13 mm, the lateral-resistant capacity showed an improvement of 35.45%. Additionally, the formula derived in this study demonstrated high accuracy and reliability, with the error not exceeding 8% between the formula calculation and the simulation results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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24 pages, 16345 KB  
Article
Study on the Bending Performance of Connection Joints in a New Type of Modular Steel Structure Emergency Repair Pier
by Xingwang Liu, Wenya Sun, Hongtao Li, Yang Liu, Liwen Xu and Fan Liu
Buildings 2025, 15(6), 930; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15060930 - 15 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1053
Abstract
The pier-type repair equipment for bridges is a crucial branch of bridge emergency repair. However, the existing bridge pier repair equipment predominantly utilizes rod systems, which require substantial assembly work, hindering the rapid restoration of damaged bridges. Modular steel structure buildings, as a [...] Read more.
The pier-type repair equipment for bridges is a crucial branch of bridge emergency repair. However, the existing bridge pier repair equipment predominantly utilizes rod systems, which require substantial assembly work, hindering the rapid restoration of damaged bridges. Modular steel structure buildings, as a highly integrated form of prefabricated construction, can play a significant role in emergency rescue operations. Based on the modular architectural design concept, this paper proposes a new type of modular steel structure emergency repair pier joint that facilitates rapid assembly and connection between modular units. Using ABAQUS 2022 software to establish a finite element model of the joint, the bending performance under lateral displacement loads perpendicular to the joint opening direction (X-direction in the model coordinate system) and parallel to the joint opening direction (Z-direction in the model coordinate system) is analyzed. The influence of the width-to-thickness ratio of the upper corner piece base plate D/t1 (where D is the width of the upper corner piece base plate and t1 is the thickness of the upper corner plate), the height-to-thickness ratio of the lower corner piece top plate h/t2 (where h is the height of the protrusion of the lower corner piece and t2 is the thickness of the lower corner piece top plate), the height of the protrusion of the lower corner piece (h), and the bolt diameter (d) on the bending performance of the joint is investigated. Recommendations for the design values of the joint are provided. Then, the flexural behavior of the joint under 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 axial compression ratios is studied, respectively. The results show that with the increase of axial compression ratio, the yield rotation angle and ultimate rotation angle of the joint decrease, and the bearing capacity decreases faster after the joint reaches the ultimate bearing capacity. When the joint is subjected to the X-direction horizontal lateral displacement load, the initial flexural stiffness and flexural capacity of the joint increase with an increase in the axial compression ratio. When subjected to the horizontal lateral displacement load in the Z-direction, the initial bending stiffness of the joint increases with an increase in the axial compression ratio, and the bending capacity does not change much. In addition, the joint is classified; from the perspective of load-bearing capacity, it is a partially resistant joint, and from the perspective of stiffness, it is a semi-rigid joint. Finally, a simplified calculation model for the joint is proposed based on the component method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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23 pages, 8500 KB  
Article
Modular Steel Buildings Based on Self-Locking-Unlockable Connections Seismic Performance Analysis
by Xingwang Liu, Qingkai Meng, Liwen Xu, Yang Liu and Xinpeng Tian
Buildings 2025, 15(5), 678; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15050678 - 21 Feb 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1760
Abstract
This paper introduces a new self-locking-unlockable modular building with an inter-module connection, and its seismic performance is investigated. The new connection can realize fast connection and unlocking during construction through exceptional design. In this paper, taking the Tianjin Binhai Apartment project as the [...] Read more.
This paper introduces a new self-locking-unlockable modular building with an inter-module connection, and its seismic performance is investigated. The new connection can realize fast connection and unlocking during construction through exceptional design. In this paper, taking the Tianjin Binhai Apartment project as the background, for the actual force situation of the new connection, considering the influence of corrugated steel plate stiffness, a simplified model of the connection is constructed by using multi-fold elastic connection, and the corrugated steel plate stiffness is simulated with equivalent support. In the MIDAS Gen 2021 software, the five-story and six-story structural models using traditional rigid connections and new connections were established, respectively, and reaction spectrum analysis was carried out. Meanwhile, seismic waves that comply with codes were selected for dynamic time course analysis. The results show that the stress ratios of all components of the new connection model and the traditional rigid model are less than 1. Among them, the maximum stress ratios of both floor beams are 0.745 and 0.725, respectively; the maximum stress ratios of the modular columns are 0.655 and 0.494, respectively; the stress ratios of the ceiling beams are all less than 0.5; and the two models show good strength and stiffness reserves, following the design principle of strong columns and weak beams and verifying the reliability of the new connection model. Meanwhile, it is found that the inter-story displacement angle of the six-story structure with the new connections is less than the normative value under the action of rare earthquakes, and the difference in top displacement is about 18% compared with that of the rigid structure, so it is suggested that the new connections can be applied within the height of six stories. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Structural Engineering: From Materials to Building Structures)
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