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Biomolecules
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Advanced Nanotechnology for Health and Diseases
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Advanced Nanotechnology for Health and Diseases

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Structure and Dynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 10741

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Raghvendra A. Bohara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CURAM, Center for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
Interests: magnetic nanoparticles; cancer medicine; drug targeting; nanotechnology; polymers; targeted therapies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advanced biomedical nanotechnology for health and diseases has emerged as a cutting-edge research field with tremendous potential to revolutionize healthcare. Nanotechnology-based approaches have the potential to provide targeted and personalized solutions for a wide range of health conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, infectious diseases, and more.

In this Special Issue, we invite researchers to contribute manuscripts highlighting the latest developments in using nanotechnology to diagnose and treat various health conditions, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, and infectious diseases, among others. We welcome submissions in the form of reviews, research articles, communications, and hypothesis that focus on the design, synthesis, and application of innovative nanotechnologies for biomedical use. Our goal is to provide a platform for researchers worldwide to share their insights and findings, accelerate progress, and promote translating these technologies into therapeutic applications.

Dr. Raghvendra A. Bohara
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • healthcare
  • nanobiotechnology
  • chronic diseases
  • drug delivery
  • biomaterials
  • cancer
  • inflammation

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

14 pages, 1692 KiB  
Article
A Gold Nanoparticle-Based Cortisol Aptasensor for Non-Invasive Detection of Fish Stress
by Yuki Tanaka, Nur Asinah binte Mohamed Salleh, Marie Ruoyun Tan, Shubha Vij, Caroline Lei Wee, Laura Sutarlie and Xiaodi Su
Biomolecules 2024, 14(7), 818; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14070818 - 9 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1061
Abstract
Cortisol is a key stress biomarker in humans and animals, including fishes. In aquafarming, stress monitoring using cortisol quantification can help to optimize aquaculture practices for welfare and productivity enhancement. However, most current methods for cortisol detection rely on invasive tissue sampling. In [...] Read more.
Cortisol is a key stress biomarker in humans and animals, including fishes. In aquafarming, stress monitoring using cortisol quantification can help to optimize aquaculture practices for welfare and productivity enhancement. However, most current methods for cortisol detection rely on invasive tissue sampling. In this work, we developed a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based cortisol sensor to address the demand of detecting picomolar ranges of cortisol from complex fish tank water matrices as a non-invasive alternative for more effective stress monitoring. We first identified a DNA aptamer with effective binding to cortisol and then conjugated the thiol-labelled aptamer to AuNPs together with a blocker molecule (CALNN) to form an Au-Apt-CALNN conjugate that is stable in fish tank water. The cortisol detection principle is based on magnesium chloride (MgCl2)-induced particle aggregation, where the cortisol-bound aptamer on the AuNPs folds into a tertiary structure and provides greater protection for Au-Apt-CALNN against MgCl2-induced aggregation due to steric stabilization. At an optimum MgCl2 concentration, the differential stability of particles with and without cortisol binding offers a limit of detection (LOD) of 100 pM for cortisol within a 35 min reaction. The aptasensor has been validated on recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) fish tank water samples by the HPLC method and was able to detect changes in water cortisol induced by two different stress paradigms. This on-site deployable and non-invasive sensor offers opportunities for more efficient and real-time fish stress monitoring for the optimization of aquaculture practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanotechnology for Health and Diseases)
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22 pages, 4618 KiB  
Article
Feature Matching of Microsecond-Pulsed Magnetic Fields Combined with Fe3O4 Particles for Killing A375 Melanoma Cells
by Yan Mi, Meng-Nan Zhang, Chi Ma, Wei Zheng and Fei Teng
Biomolecules 2024, 14(5), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14050521 - 26 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1215
Abstract
The combination of magnetic fields and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to kill cancer cells by magneto-mechanical force represents a novel therapy, offering advantages such as non-invasiveness, among others. Pulsed magnetic fields (PMFs) hold promise for application in this therapy due to advantages such as [...] Read more.
The combination of magnetic fields and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to kill cancer cells by magneto-mechanical force represents a novel therapy, offering advantages such as non-invasiveness, among others. Pulsed magnetic fields (PMFs) hold promise for application in this therapy due to advantages such as easily adjustable parameters; however, they suffer from the drawback of narrow pulse width. In order to fully exploit the potential of PMFs and MNPs in this therapy, while maximizing therapeutic efficacy within the constraints of the narrow pulse width, a feature-matching theory is proposed, encompassing the matching of three aspects: (1) MNP volume and critical volume of Brownian relaxation, (2) relaxation time and pulse width, and (3) MNP shape and the intermittence of PMF. In the theory, a microsecond-PMF generator was developed, and four kinds of MNPs were selected for in vitro cell experiments. The results demonstrate that the killing rate of the experimental group meeting the requirements of the theory is at least 18% higher than the control group. This validates the accuracy of our theory and provides valuable guidance for the further application of PMFs in this therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanotechnology for Health and Diseases)
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15 pages, 2296 KiB  
Article
On Interactions of Sulfamerazine with Cyclodextrins from Coupled Diffusometry and Toxicity Tests
by Sara P. C. Sofio, André Caeiro, Ana C. F. Ribeiro, Ana M. T. D. P. V. Cabral, Artur J. M. Valente, Jorge Canhoto and Miguel A. Esteso
Biomolecules 2024, 14(4), 462; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14040462 - 10 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1013
Abstract
This scientific study employs the Taylor dispersion technique for diffusion measurements to investigate the interaction between sulfamerazine (NaSMR) and macromolecular cyclodextrins (β-CD and HP-β-CD). The results reveal that the presence of β-CD influences the diffusion of the solution [...] Read more.
This scientific study employs the Taylor dispersion technique for diffusion measurements to investigate the interaction between sulfamerazine (NaSMR) and macromolecular cyclodextrins (β-CD and HP-β-CD). The results reveal that the presence of β-CD influences the diffusion of the solution component, NaSMR, indicating a counterflow of this drug due to solute interaction. However, diffusion data indicate no inclusion of NaSMR within the sterically hindered HP-β-CD cavity. Additionally, toxicity tests were conducted, including pollen germination (Actinidia deliciosa) and growth curve assays in BY-2 cells. The pollen germination tests demonstrate a reduction in sulfamerazine toxicity, suggesting potential applications for this antimicrobial agent with diminished adverse effects. This comprehensive investigation contributes to a deeper understanding of sulfamerazine–cyclodextrin interactions and their implications for pharmaceutical and biological systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanotechnology for Health and Diseases)
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Review

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43 pages, 3135 KiB  
Review
Advancements in Green Nanoparticle Technology: Focusing on the Treatment of Clinical Phytopathogens
by Sunny Mukherjee, Anamika Verma, Lingxue Kong, Aravind Kumar Rengan and David Miles Cahill
Biomolecules 2024, 14(9), 1082; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14091082 - 28 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1604
Abstract
Opportunistic pathogenic microbial infections pose a significant danger to human health, which forces people to use riskier, more expensive, and less effective drugs compared to traditional treatments. These may be attributed to several factors, such as overusing antibiotics in medicine and lack of [...] Read more.
Opportunistic pathogenic microbial infections pose a significant danger to human health, which forces people to use riskier, more expensive, and less effective drugs compared to traditional treatments. These may be attributed to several factors, such as overusing antibiotics in medicine and lack of sanitization in hospital settings. In this context, researchers are looking for new options to combat this worrying condition and find a solution. Nanoparticles are currently being utilized in the pharmaceutical sector; however, there is a persistent worry regarding their potential danger to human health due to the usage of toxic chemicals, which makes the utilization of nanoparticles highly hazardous to eukaryotic cells. Multiple nanoparticle-based techniques are now being developed, offering essential understanding regarding the synthesis of components that play a crucial role in producing anti-microbial nanotherapeutic pharmaceuticals. In this regard, green nanoparticles are considered less hazardous than other forms, providing potential options for avoiding the extensive harm to the human microbiome that is prevalent with existing procedures. This review article aims to comprehensively assess the current state of knowledge on green nanoparticles related to antibiotic activity as well as their potential to assist antibiotics in treating opportunistic clinical phytopathogenic illnesses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanotechnology for Health and Diseases)
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22 pages, 2066 KiB  
Review
Harnessing Nanotechnology: Emerging Strategies for Multiple Myeloma Therapy
by Min Yang, Yu Chen, Li Zhu, Liangshun You, Hongyan Tong, Haitao Meng, Jianpeng Sheng and Jie Jin
Biomolecules 2024, 14(1), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14010083 - 9 Jan 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2973
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have provided novel avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), a hematological malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. This review elucidates the potential of nanotechnology to revolutionize myeloma therapy, focusing [...] Read more.
Advances in nanotechnology have provided novel avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), a hematological malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. This review elucidates the potential of nanotechnology to revolutionize myeloma therapy, focusing on nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, nanoscale imaging techniques, and nano-immunotherapy. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems offer enhanced drug targeting, reduced systemic toxicity, and improved therapeutic efficacy. We discuss the latest developments in nanocarriers, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles, used for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, siRNA, and miRNA in MM treatment. We delve into nanoscale imaging techniques which provide spatial multi-omic data, offering a holistic view of the tumor microenvironment. This spatial resolution can help decipher the complex interplay between cancer cells and their surrounding environment, facilitating the development of highly targeted therapies. Lastly, we explore the burgeoning field of nano-immunotherapy, which employs nanoparticles to modulate the immune system for myeloma treatment. Specifically, we consider how nanoparticles can be used to deliver tumor antigens to antigen-presenting cells, thus enhancing the body’s immune response against myeloma cells. In conclusion, nanotechnology holds great promise for improving the prognosis and quality of life of MM patients. However, several challenges remain, including the need for further preclinical and clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of these emerging strategies. Future research should also focus on developing personalized nanomedicine approaches, which could tailor treatments to individual patients based on their genetic and molecular profiles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanotechnology for Health and Diseases)
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21 pages, 2034 KiB  
Review
Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Flavonoids: Impact on Proinflammatory Cytokine Production: A Systematic Review
by Jazmín Cristina Stevens Barrón, Christian Chapa González, Emilio Álvarez Parrilla and Laura Alejandra De la Rosa
Biomolecules 2023, 13(7), 1158; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13071158 - 21 Jul 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1903
Abstract
Flavonoids are a diverse group of plant-derived compounds that have been shown to have various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory effects. However, their use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases has been limited due to their low bioavailability. The nanoparticle-mediated delivery of flavonoids has [...] Read more.
Flavonoids are a diverse group of plant-derived compounds that have been shown to have various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory effects. However, their use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases has been limited due to their low bioavailability. The nanoparticle-mediated delivery of flavonoids has been proposed as a potential solution to this issue, as it allows the sustained release of the flavonoids over time. There are several different nanoparticle systems that have been developed for flavonoid delivery, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and inorganic nanoparticles. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of nanoparticle-mediated delivery of flavonoids on pro-inflammatory cytokine production in various diseases. We analyzed the performance of flavonoid-encapsulated nanoparticles in regulating cytokine production in different in vitro and in vivo studies. To this end, we followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to conduct a comprehensive search of the literature and to assess the quality of the included studies. The results showed that flavonoid-encapsulated nanoparticles significantly downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18. In some cases, this effect was significantly greater than that observed with non-encapsulated flavonoids These findings suggest that nanoparticle-mediated delivery of flavonoids may have potential as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanotechnology for Health and Diseases)
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