Role of Oxidative Stress in Vascular Diseases

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2027 | Viewed by 757

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: platelet activation; oxidative stress; inflammation
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E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular disease; inflammation; oxidative stress; platelet activation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidative stress is a pivotal driver of vascular dysfunction and a recognized contributor to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. The excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly via enzymatic systems such as NADPH oxidases (e.g., NOX2), disrupts endothelial homeostasis, promotes vascular inflammation, and enhances platelet activation and thrombogenicity.

Clinically, this redox imbalance correlates with adverse cardiovascular outcomes and may serve as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target. Novel insights also suggest that gut-derived metabolites (e.g., lipopolysaccharide, TMAO) and impaired autophagic flux contribute to ROS overproduction and vascular injury, adding layers of complexity to redox regulation in CVD.

This Special Issue will focus on elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative stress in vascular diseases and its interaction with inflammation, thrombosis, and endothelial dysfunction. We welcome submissions that explore mechanistic pathways, translational models, and emerging therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring redox balance—including antioxidant strategies, autophagy modulators, and gut microbiota-targeted therapies.

Our goal is to bridge basic science with clinical perspectives and foster new approaches to risk stratification and treatment in vascular disease.

Dr. Vittoria Cammisotto
Dr. Valentina Castellani
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • vascular disease
  • endothelial dysfunction
  • NADPH oxidase/NOX2
  • platelet activation
  • autophagy
  • gut microbiota
  • inflammation
  • reactive oxygen species (ROS)
  • cardiovascular risk

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Article
Role of Mediterranean Diet Adherence on Endothelial Dysfunction in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Patients
by Luca Salomone, Danilo Menichelli, Vittoria Cammisotto, Valentina Castellani, Daniele Pastori, Pasquale Pignatelli, Anna Paola Mitterhofer, Francesca Tinti and Silvia Lai
Biomolecules 2026, 16(3), 447; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16030447 - 17 Mar 2026
Viewed by 398
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive kidney enlargement by cyst formation. Endothelial dysfunction significantly contributes to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Mediterranean diet (Med-diet) may reduce endothelial dysfunction in ADPKD patients, but its effect was not [...] Read more.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive kidney enlargement by cyst formation. Endothelial dysfunction significantly contributes to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Mediterranean diet (Med-diet) may reduce endothelial dysfunction in ADPKD patients, but its effect was not investigated in these patients. Our aim was to assess the relationship between Med-diet adherence and endothelial function biomarkers such as nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1). We enrolled ADPKD patients aged 18–70 years with CKD stages G2–G4. Adherence to the Med-diet was evaluated using the PREDIMED questionnaire. NO and ET-1 were evaluated at enrolment. Correlations and associations between these markers and Med-diet adherence were analysed. We enrolled 63 patients with ADPKD (mean age was 50.0 ± 11.8 years, 66.7% were female). A low/intermediate adherence to Med-Diet was assessed in 47 (74.6%) patients. When comparing patients with low/intermediate and high adherence, we found a higher NO and lower ET-1 serum concentration (p < 0.001 and p = 0.014, respectively) in patients with high adherence compared with low/intermediate ones. We found a significant correlation between Med-Diet adherence and NO (Spearman’s rs = 0.696, p < 0.001, 95%CI 0.542 to 0.805) and ET-1 serum concentrations (rs = −0.387, p = 0.002, 95%CI −0.579 to −0.154). For the univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses, we found an association between Med-Diet and NO (B: 0.547, 95%CI 0.050 to 0.121, p < 0.001) between Med-Diet and ET-1 (B: −0.327, 95%CI −0.157 to −0.020, p = 0.012). In conclusion, higher Med-Diet adherence seems to be associated with more favourable endothelial function in ADPKD patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Oxidative Stress in Vascular Diseases)
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