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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Animal Models for the Study of Cardiovascular Physiology
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Animal Models for the Study of Cardiovascular Physiology

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 October 2024 | Viewed by 1624

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sandra Lia Amaral

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Campus of Bauru, SP, Brazil
2. Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), Federal University of Sao Carlos and São Paulo State University, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, Brazil
Interests: hypertension; skeletal muscle; arterial stiffness; exercise training

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular diseases, which include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and other conditions, represent the leading cause of death worldwide. Among the top 10 diseases that lead the mortality rate worldwide, stroke and ischemic diseases are included here and are also consequences of hypertension. Since there are several behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco consumption, and harmful use of alcohol, associated with hypertension, diabetes, and excess weight, the treatment for these pathologies can be very complex. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the disease mechanisms could significantly contribute to more effective treatment and to a reduction in premature deaths from cardiovascular diseases. Animal models are useful as they represent the main strategy for exploring the different mechanisms involved in cardiovascular diseases. Overall, this Special Issue invites you and your colleagues to share your expertise and knowledge by submitting original research articles, systematic reviews, and review articles that report new ideas and recent advances on this topic.

Dr. Sandra Lia Amaral
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hypertension
  • stroke
  • myocardium infarction
  • arterial stiffness
  • supravalvular aortic stenosis
  • cardiac remodeling
  • capillary angiogenesis
  • exercise training
  • vascular diseases
  • non-pharmacological treatment

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3423 KiB  
Article
Pigs as Models to Test Cardiovascular Devices
by Yanina L. Rusakova, Denis S. Grankin, Kseniya S. Podolskaya and Irina Yu. Zhuravleva
Biomedicines 2024, 12(6), 1245; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12061245 - 3 Jun 2024
Viewed by 182
Abstract
Pigs as laboratory animals are used in preclinical studies aimed at developing medical devices for cardiac surgery. The anatomy of the cardiovascular system of these animals has been well studied and acknowledged as suitable for use and the testing of new cardiovascular devices [...] Read more.
Pigs as laboratory animals are used in preclinical studies aimed at developing medical devices for cardiac surgery. The anatomy of the cardiovascular system of these animals has been well studied and acknowledged as suitable for use and the testing of new cardiovascular devices developed for humans. However, there are no morphometric characteristics of the aortic root and thoraco-abdominal part of porcine aorta. This can lead to difficulties in experimental surgery and even result in the death of experimental animals due to the mismatch in the size of the implantable devices. Thus, such information is essential to enhance the efficiency of surgical technologies used for eliminating aortic pathologies in their various sections. The purpose of our research is to study the anatomy of the aorta in mini pigs and to assess whether the size, age, and sex of the animals affect the size of the main structures in their aortas. In addition, we attempted to compare the results obtained by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and angiography. We studied 28 laboratory mini pigs, dividing them into three groups by body weight (40–70 kg, 71–90 kg, and 90 kg). We did not find any relationship between the external somatometric characteristics of the animals and the size of their aortas. Animals have individual anatomical variability in their cardiovascular systems, which means that they need to be examined in terms of preoperative planning by any available method—echocardiography, angiography, or multispiral computed tomography (CT). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Models for the Study of Cardiovascular Physiology)
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18 pages, 2035 KiB  
Article
Blockade of Inflammatory Markers Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling and Fibrosis in Rats with Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis
by Francine Duchatsch, Danyelle S. Miotto, Lidieli P. Tardelli, Thiago J. Dionísio, Dijon S. Campos, Carlos F. Santos, Katashi Okoshi and Sandra L. Amaral
Biomedicines 2023, 11(12), 3219; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123219 - 5 Dec 2023
Viewed by 876
Abstract
Since cardiac inflammation has been considered an important mechanism involved in heart failure, an anti-inflammatory treatment could control cardiac inflammation and mitigate the worsening of cardiac remodeling. This study evaluated the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) and ramipril treatment on inflammation and cardiac fibrosis [...] Read more.
Since cardiac inflammation has been considered an important mechanism involved in heart failure, an anti-inflammatory treatment could control cardiac inflammation and mitigate the worsening of cardiac remodeling. This study evaluated the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) and ramipril treatment on inflammation and cardiac fibrosis in an experimental model of heart failure induced by supravalvular aortic stenosis. Wistar rats (21d) were submitted to an aortic stenosis (AS) protocol. After 21 weeks, an echocardiogram and a maximal exercise test were performed, and after 24 weeks, rats were treated with DEX, ramipril or saline for 14d. The left ventricle (LV) was removed for histological and inflammatory marker analyses. The AS group showed exercise intolerance (−32% vs. Sham), higher relative wall thickness (+63%), collagen deposition and capillary rarefaction, followed by cardiac disfunction. Both treatments were effective in reducing cardiac inflammation, but only DEX attenuated the increased relative wall thickness (−17%) and only ramipril reduced LV fibrosis. In conclusion, both DEX and ramipril decreased cardiac inflammatory markers, which probably contributed to the reduced cardiac fibrosis and relative wall thickness; however, treated AS rats did not show any improvement in cardiac function. Despite the complex pharmacological treatment of heart failure, treatment with an anti-inflammatory could delay the patient’s poor prognosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Models for the Study of Cardiovascular Physiology)
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