Biology

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17 pages, 6846 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Detection of Lymphatic Vessels in Dental Pulp

by Kamila Wiśniewska, Zbigniew Rybak, Maria Szymonowicz, Piotr Kuropka, Katarzyna Kaleta-Kuratewicz and Maciej Dobrzyński

Biology 2022, 11(5), 635; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11050635 - 21 Apr 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3593

Abstract

The literature lacks conclusive evidence that lymphatic vessels can form in the dental pulp. Lymphangiogenesis is believed to occur in an inflamed pulp. If one defines lymphangiogenesis as the development of lymphatic vessels from already existing ones, such a mechanism is possible only [...] Read more.

The literature lacks conclusive evidence that lymphatic vessels can form in the dental pulp. Lymphangiogenesis is believed to occur in an inflamed pulp. If one defines lymphangiogenesis as the development of lymphatic vessels from already existing ones, such a mechanism is possible only when lymphatic vessels are present in healthy teeth. This paper aims to identify lymphatic vessels in the dental pulp using microscopic and immunohistochemical methods under physiological and pathological conditions. The tissue material consisted of human teeth intended for extraction. Our studies and results suggest a moderate correlation between pulp inflammation and the formation of new vessels, including lymphatic vessels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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11 pages, 2683 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Three-Dimensional Digital Image Analysis of Skeletal and Soft Tissue Points A and B after Orthodontic Treatment with Premolar Extraction in Bimaxillary Protrusive Patients

by You Na Lim, Byoung-Eun Yang, Soo-Hwan Byun, Sang-Min Yi, Sung-Woon On and In-Young Park

Biology 2022, 11(3), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11030381 - 27 Feb 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3510

Abstract

Aim. To investigate the effect of changes in incisor tip, apex movement, and inclination on skeletal points A and B and characterize changes in skeletal points A and B to the soft tissue points A and B after incisor retraction in Angle Class [...] Read more.

Aim. To investigate the effect of changes in incisor tip, apex movement, and inclination on skeletal points A and B and characterize changes in skeletal points A and B to the soft tissue points A and B after incisor retraction in Angle Class I bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. Methods. Twenty-two patients with Angle Class I bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion treated with four first premolar extractions were included in this study. The displacement of skeletal and soft tissue points A and B was measured using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using a three-dimensional coordinate system. The movement of the upper and lower incisors was also measured using CBCT-synthesized lateral cephalograms. Results. Changes in the incisal tip, apex, and inclination after retraction did not significantly affect the position of points A and B in any direction (x, y, z). Linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between skeletal point A and soft tissue point A on the anteroposterior axis (z). Skeletal point A moved forward by 0.07 mm, and soft tissue point A moved forward by 0.38 mm, establishing a ratio of 0.18: 1 (r = 0.554, p < 0.01). Conclusion. The positional complexion of the skeletal points A and B was not directly influenced by changes in the incisor tip, apex, and inclination. Although the results suggest that soft tissue point A follows the anteroposterior position of skeletal point A, its clinical significance is suspected. Thus, hard and soft tissue analysis should be considered in treatment planning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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12 pages, 2632 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Open Healing: A Minimally Invasive Protocol with Flapless Ridge Preservation in Implant Patients

by Alecsandru Ionescu, Aliona Dodi, Lucian Cristian Petcu and Mihnea Ioan Nicolescu

Biology 2022, 11(1), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11010142 - 14 Jan 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 7007

Abstract

We aimed to validate the safety and efficacy of the minimally invasive “open healing” flapless technique for post-extraction socket and alveolar ridge preservation, while assessing the alveolar bone changes. The study enrolled (n = 104) patients (0.55 sex ratio), with atraumatic extraction [...] Read more.

We aimed to validate the safety and efficacy of the minimally invasive “open healing” flapless technique for post-extraction socket and alveolar ridge preservation, while assessing the alveolar bone changes. The study enrolled (n = 104) patients (0.55 sex ratio), with atraumatic extraction of (N = 135) hopeless teeth, followed by either immediate placement of tissue level implants (N₁ = 26), or later stage implant insertion (N₂ = 109). No flap was raised in either situation. Post-extraction sockets were filled with deproteinized bovine bone granules and covered by collagen resorbable membrane—left purposely exposed during healing. This yielded an uneventful healing, with sufficient bone formation, while avoiding soft-tissue problems. The need for additional augmentation was assessed clinically and by calibrated CBCT scans at six months, before either loading (N₁) or implant insertion (N₂). Implant success and survival rate were evaluated at 12-, 24-, and 60-month follow-up control sessions. The inserted implants had a survival rate of 98.5% and a success rate of 94.8% at five-year follow-up. Open healing technique with flapless approach can be favorable for preserving the 3D architecture of the post-extraction socket, as well as the alveolar ridge width and height. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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10 pages, 442 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Can Type of Instrumentation and Activation of the Final Irrigant Improve the Obturation Quality in Oval Root Canals? A Push-Out Bond Strength Study

by Ajinkya M. Pawar, Anda Kfir, Zvi Metzger, Anuj Bhardwaj, Yeyen Yohana, Dian Agustin Wahjuningrun, Alexander Maniangat Luke and Bhaggyashri A. Pawar

Biology 2022, 11(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11010059 - 1 Jan 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2312

Abstract

To appraise the outcome of file systems and activation of the final irrigant on the push-out bond strength of root fillings in oval canals. Single-rooted mandibular premolars (n = 180) with oval canals were divided into three groups (n = 60) [...] Read more.

To appraise the outcome of file systems and activation of the final irrigant on the push-out bond strength of root fillings in oval canals. Single-rooted mandibular premolars (n = 180) with oval canals were divided into three groups (n = 60) for instrumentation: ProTaper Next (PTN), WaveOne (WO), and Self-adjusting File (SAF). The specimens were further divided into subgroups (n = 20) and subjected to final irrigation with activation by EndoActivator or passive ultrasonic irrigation or without activation. Then, the specimens were again subdivided (n = 10) and obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus (GP-AH) or C-Point with EndoSequence bioceramic sealer (C-EBC). One-millimeter-thick horizontal slices were cut from the apical third of the root, 5 mm from the apex, and subjected to push-out bond strength (BS) testing. Specimens for which SAF was used exhibited higher BS values than those for which PTN or WO was used (p < 0.05). Activation of the final irrigation did not affect the BS of the root fillings. Root fillings made of C-EBC presented a higher BS than those made of GP-AH (p < 0.05). Adhesive failure was more common with specimens instrumented using PTN and WO. Root canals instrumented with SAF, showed the highest bond strength values for both root filling materials. The C-EBC produced significantly higher bond strength values than those of the GP-AH. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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11 pages, 845 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Use of Collagen Membrane in the Treatment of Periodontal Defects Distal to Mandibular Second Molars Following Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars: A Comparative Clinical Study

by C. Burnice Nalina Kumari, Thiagarajan Ramakrishnan, Pradeep Devadoss, Rajaram Vijayalakshmi, Khalid J. Alzahrani, Mazen A. Almasri, Manea Musa. Al-Ahmari, Hajar Saeed Al Dira, Malath Suhluli, Ashok Kumar Bhati, Zeeshan Heera Ahmad, A. Thirumal Raj, Shilpa Bhandi and Shankargouda Patil

Biology 2021, 10(12), 1348; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10121348 - 18 Dec 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4340

Abstract

The study aims to assess the efficacy of using collagen membrane in the treatment of distal periodontal defects of mandibular second molars following the removal of mesioangularly or horizontally impacted mandibular third molars surgically. Forty sites in twenty patients with bilaterally impacted mandibular [...] Read more.

The study aims to assess the efficacy of using collagen membrane in the treatment of distal periodontal defects of mandibular second molars following the removal of mesioangularly or horizontally impacted mandibular third molars surgically. Forty sites in twenty patients with bilaterally impacted mandibular third molars (mesioangular or horizontal) were considered for the study. In 20 test sites (Group A), after surgical removal of the mandibular third molar, a resorbable collagen membrane barrier was placed on the distal aspect of the mandibular second molar to cover the post-surgical bone defect. In the other control 20 sites (Group B), the same surgical procedure was repeated without placing any membrane barrier. The clinical parameters recorded were Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S), Probing pocket depth (PPD), Clinical attachment level (CAL), and radiographic assessment of alveolar bone level (ABL). OHI-S score of most of the patients was observed to be satisfactory. Group A was observed to achieve a statistically significant reduction in PPD, CAL, and ABL gain compared to Group B. The improvements indicated that the use of collagen membrane facilitates early wound stabilization and promotes primary closure of the defect. This recovery is achieved through its unique property to assist fibrinogenesis over osteoconduction. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the present findings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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8 pages, 716 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Deficiencies in Root Canal Fillings Subsequent to Adaptive Instrumentation of Oval Canals

by Ajinkya M. Pawar, Anuj Bhardwaj, Kulvinder S. Banga, Gurdeep Singh, Anda Kfir, Alexander Maniangat Luke, Vialyne Dinata and Dian Agustin Wahjuningrun

Biology 2021, 10(11), 1074; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10111074 - 21 Oct 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2387

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of instrumentation and the potential for debris deposition using XP-endo shaper plus (XP-SP) and full-sequence SAF (F-SAF) on the adaption of thermoplastic root canal fillings in oval canals. Following the manufacturer’s instructions, ninety [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of instrumentation and the potential for debris deposition using XP-endo shaper plus (XP-SP) and full-sequence SAF (F-SAF) on the adaption of thermoplastic root canal fillings in oval canals. Following the manufacturer’s instructions, ninety human permanent mandibular incisors with a single oval canal 6 mm from the apex (verified using pre-operative CBCT scanning) were instrumented with XP-SP and F-SAF. Obtura III Max apparatus was used for root canal obturation without the use of a root canal sealer. The roots were then sectioned 6 mm from the apex and examined with a digital stereomicroscope at x25 magnification to assess the root canal fillings. The F-SAF was associated with a significantly higher (p < 0.01) percentage of entire adaptation of the root fillings (76%) compared to the XP-SP (57%). Furthermore, the XP-SP group was also associated with higher (p < 0.01) defective obturation with debris at 17% and with voids at 26%. However, the F-SAF had lower percentages of defective obturations (7% with debris and 17% with voids). The quality of obturation of oval canals instrumented using full-sequence SAF was better. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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14 pages, 5472 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Response to Titanium Implant Surface: Extracellular Matrix Deposition

by Guya Diletta Marconi, Luigia Fonticoli, Ylenia Della Rocca, Thangavelu Soundara Rajan, Adriano Piattelli, Oriana Trubiani, Jacopo Pizzicannella and Francesca Diomede

Biology 2021, 10(9), 931; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10090931 - 18 Sep 2021

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3163 | Correction

Abstract

The major challenge for dentistry is to provide the patient an oral rehabilitation to maintain healthy bone conditions in order to reduce the time for loading protocols. Advancement in implant surface design is necessary to favour and promote the osseointegration process. The surface [...] Read more.

The major challenge for dentistry is to provide the patient an oral rehabilitation to maintain healthy bone conditions in order to reduce the time for loading protocols. Advancement in implant surface design is necessary to favour and promote the osseointegration process. The surface features of titanium dental implant can promote a relevant influence on the morphology and differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells, induction of the osteoblastic genes expression and the release of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The present study aimed at evaluating the in vitro effects of two different dental implants with titanium surfaces, TEST and CTRL, to culture the human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Expression of ECM components such as Vimentin, Fibronectin, N-cadherin, Laminin, Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Integrin beta-1 (ITGB1), and the osteogenic related markers, as runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were investigated. Human PDLSCs cultured on the TEST implant surface demonstrated a better cell adhesion capability as observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and immunofluorescence analysis. Moreover, immunofluorescence and Western blot experiments showed an over expression of Fibronectin, Laminin, N-cadherin and RUNX2 in hPDLSCs seeded on TEST implant surface. The gene expression study by RT-PCR validated the results obtained in protein assays and exhibited the expression of RUNX2, ALP, Vimentin (VIM), Fibronectin (FN1), N-cadherin (CDH2), Laminin (LAMB1), FAK and ITGB1 in hPDLSCs seeded on TEST surface compared to the CTRL dental implant surface. Understanding the mechanisms of ECM components release and its regulation are essential for developing novel strategies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Our results demonstrated that the impact of treated surfaces of titanium dental implants might increase and accelerate the ECM apposition and provide the starting point to initiate the osseointegration process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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11 pages, 1461 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cell Differentiation and Replication during Postnatal Development of the Murine First Molar

by Rudi Balzano, Edoardo Stellini and Carla Mucignat-Caretta

Biology 2021, 10(8), 776; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10080776 - 14 Aug 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2525

Abstract

Various signaling molecular pathways are involved in odontogenesis to promote cellular replication and differentiation. Tooth formation is controlled mainly by epithelial–mesenchymal interactions. The aim of this work was to investigate how cellular replication and differentiation ensue during the formation of the murine first [...] Read more.

Various signaling molecular pathways are involved in odontogenesis to promote cellular replication and differentiation. Tooth formation is controlled mainly by epithelial–mesenchymal interactions. The aim of this work was to investigate how cellular replication and differentiation ensue during the formation of the murine first molar in postnatal ages until eruption, focusing on morphogenesis, odontoblast differentiation and cellular replication. Wild-type CD1 mice were examined from birth to weaning. Morphogenesis and interaction between developing epithelial and mesenchymal tissues were evaluated in hematoxylin–eosin and Gomori trichome stained sections. Immunohistochemistry for nestin, which mediates the differentiation of odontoblasts, especially their polarization and elongation, showed that this intermediate filament was apparent already at postnatal day P1 in the apical region of odontoblasts and progressed apically from cusp tips, while it was not present in epithelial tissues. The expression of nuclear antigen Ki-67 highlighted dividing cells in both epithelial and mesenchymal tissues at P1, while one week later they were restricted to the cementoenamel junction, guiding root elongation. The link between odontoblast maturation and cellular replication in the different tooth tissues is essential to understand the development of tooth shape and dimension, to outline mechanisms of tooth morphogenesis and possibly eruption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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11 pages, 2379 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Longitudinal 3D Study of Anterior Tooth Wear from Adolescence to Adulthood in Modern Humans

by Nikolaos Gkantidis, Konstantinos Dritsas, Meret Gebistorf, Demetrios Halazonetis, Yijin Ren and Christos Katsaros

Biology 2021, 10(7), 660; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10070660 - 13 Jul 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2529

Abstract

In modern humans, tooth wear can easily be observed as a loss of tooth substance, but its precise measurement is problematic. The aim of this longitudinal cohort study was to determine the precise amount of occlusal tooth wear in the anterior permanent dentition [...] Read more.

In modern humans, tooth wear can easily be observed as a loss of tooth substance, but its precise measurement is problematic. The aim of this longitudinal cohort study was to determine the precise amount of occlusal tooth wear in the anterior permanent dentition from adolescence to adulthood. Corresponding tooth crowns from serial 3D digital dental models of 72 individuals were best fit-approximated by applying novel, highly accurate 3D superimposition methods. The superimposed crowns were simultaneously sliced on intact structures, and the differences in the volumes of the subsequent occlusal parts were calculated. Over a thirteen-year period, there was an average loss of anterior occlusal surfaces of 1.58 mm³ per tooth. Tooth surface loss in at least one tooth was higher than 1 mm³ in 93.1% of the human subjects. Tooth wear severity differed by sex and tooth type, with males showing higher values versus females and upper canines versus other anterior teeth. The study revealed the endemic occurrence of occlusal anterior tooth wear, highlighting the need for monitoring of the condition in the population to identify high-risk patients and enable timely interventions. The novel methods applied here on 3D digital models are recommended for this. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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22 pages, 341 KiB

Open AccessArticle

“Dental Cluster” Versus “Metabolic Cluster”: Analyzing the Associations of Planned and Delivered Dental Procedures with Metabolic Syndrome, Utilizing Data from the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) Cross-Sectional Record-Based Nationwide Study

by Itzhak Abramovitz, Avraham Zini, Pablo Pribluda, Ron Kedem, Dorit Zur, Noam E. Protter and Galit Almoznino

Biology 2021, 10(7), 608; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10070608 - 30 Jun 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2714

Abstract

There are conflicting results existing regarding the association between dental status and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The present research analyzed the associations of the sum of the standard dental unit (SDU) scores of planned (SDU-P) and delivered (SDU-D) dental procedures per patient with MetS [...] Read more.

There are conflicting results existing regarding the association between dental status and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The present research analyzed the associations of the sum of the standard dental unit (SDU) scores of planned (SDU-P) and delivered (SDU-D) dental procedures per patient with MetS components, consequences, and related conditions. The SDU score of each dental procedure represents the time and complexity of the executed procedure. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) repository, which includes comprehensive socio-demographic, medical, and dental databases of a nationally representative sample of 132,529 military personnel. Univariate analyses revealed that SDU-P had statistically significant positive associations with all systemic morbidities related to MetS, while the SDU-D exhibited positive associations with some of the systemic morbidities and with lower ORs. SDU-P and SDU-D were associated with worse scores of auxiliary examinations used in the assessment of MetS components. SDU-P retained significant positive associations in the multivariate analysis with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (OR = 7.40 (1.91–28.57)), deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (OR = 5.61 (1.53–20.83)), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (OR = 5.05 (2.40–10.63)), and fatty liver (OR = 1.82 (1.17–2.84)). In contrast, obesity was the only systemic parameter retaining a significant association with SDU-D following multivariate analysis (OR = 1.47 (1.23–1.76)). It can be concluded that SDU-P, but not SDU-D, is a better predictor of systemic morbidities related to MetS. In other words, MetS is associated with a higher dental treatment needs burden, rather than with dental treatments performed de facto. Dental and general health authorities should collaborate and share information and focus on reducing common health-related risk factors, such as smoking and sugar consumption, in particular among high-risk populations, such as immigrants and those with lower SES and rural locality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

9 pages, 844 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparison of Craniofacial Characteristics between Two Different Adult Populations with Class II Malocclusion—A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study

by Arvind Sivakumar, Prasad Nalabothu, Huyen Nguyen Thanh and Gregory S. Antonarakis

Biology 2021, 10(5), 438; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10050438 - 14 May 2021

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4537

Abstract

The dental, skeletal, and soft-tissue characteristics of a particular malocclusion can differ based on ethnicity, race, age, sex and geographical location with Class II malocclusion being one of the most prevalent malocclusions encountered in orthodontic clinical practice. The broad understanding of the characteristics [...] Read more.

The dental, skeletal, and soft-tissue characteristics of a particular malocclusion can differ based on ethnicity, race, age, sex and geographical location with Class II malocclusion being one of the most prevalent malocclusions encountered in orthodontic clinical practice. The broad understanding of the characteristics of vertical skeletal and dental parameters in patients with Class II malocclusion can help clinicians to identify patterns and variations in the expression of this phenotype for better treatment outcomes. Hence, we compared the craniofacial characteristics of skeletal and dental Class II malocclusion traits from Indian and Vietnamese individuals to analyze the vertical skeletal and dental patterns in both population groups. The sample comprised of lateral cephalograms from 100 young adults with Class II malocclusion, of which fifty (25 males and 25 females) were from South India and the other 50 age- and sex-matched adults from Vietnam. The lateral cephalometric radiographs were digitized into anonymous image files and were traced and assessed for 16 vertical skeletal and dental parameters. The ANB angle was greater in males (+1.4 deg; p < 0.001) and females (+1.9 deg; p < 0.001) in the South Indian population. The Vietnamese males had a larger mandibular plane angle, articular angle, anterior facial height and lower anterior facial height compared to the Indian males. The Vietnamese females had larger mandibular plane and articular angles compared to the Indian females. The skeletal class II malocclusion was more severe in the South Indian compared to the Vietnamese adults. The Vietnamese sample showed a generalized tendency towards a more vertical skeletal growth pattern and in males this pattern seemed to be due to the dentoalveolar component. The Vietnamese females showed a tendency towards a vertical growth pattern, but without apparent contribution by the dentoalveolar component. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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15 pages, 2361 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Analysis of Periodontal Pain According to the Type of Precision Orthodontic Appliances: Vestibular, Lingual and Aligners. A Prospective Clinical Study

by Laura Antonio-Zancajo, Javier Montero, Daniele Garcovich, Mario Alvarado-Lorenzo, Alberto Albaladejo and Alfonso Alvarado-Lorenzo

Biology 2021, 10(5), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10050379 - 28 Apr 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2560

Abstract

The objective of this prospective clinical study was to analyze the pain (intensity, location and type) that patients presented after the placement of different types of orthodontic appliances: conventional, low friction, lingual and aligners. The sample consisted of 120 patients divided into four [...] Read more.

The objective of this prospective clinical study was to analyze the pain (intensity, location and type) that patients presented after the placement of different types of orthodontic appliances: conventional, low friction, lingual and aligners. The sample consisted of 120 patients divided into four groups: conventional (CON), low friction (LF), lingual (LO) and aligners (INV). The participants were given the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (Ortho-SF-MPQ), where they had to record the pain intensity (no pain, mild, moderate or intense) and the periodontal location at different time points, from the first 4 h to 7 days after the start of treatment. In all the study groups, the most frequent location was both anterior arches, with maximum values between 56.7% (CON group at 24 h) and 30% (LO group at 4 h). The “whole mouth” and “complete lower arch” locations were indicated only by the patients in the lingual group. Regarding pain intensity, the patients reported a higher percentage of mild–moderate pain during the first 3 days of treatment (96.7% in LO at 4 h, 86.7% in CON, 83.3% in LF and 90% in INV at 24 h); later, the reported pain decreased to no pain/mild pain, especially in the lingual group, until reaching values close to zero at 7 days post-treatment. The most frequent type of pain was acute in the low friction and lingual groups (with maxima of 60% and 46.7% at 24 h, respectively). On the contrary, in the conventional (36.7% at 4 h) and Invisalign (40% at 24 h) groups, the sensitive type was the most frequent. There are differences regarding periodontal pain in its intensity, location and type according to the use of different orthodontic techniques. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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11 pages, 2522 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Myokine Irisin Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Bud-Derived MSCs

by Francesca Posa, Graziana Colaianni, Michele Di Cosola, Manuela Dicarlo, Francesco Gaccione, Silvia Colucci, Maria Grano and Giorgio Mori

Biology 2021, 10(4), 295; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10040295 - 3 Apr 2021

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 2953

Abstract

The myokine irisin, well known for its anabolic effect on bone tissue, has been demonstrated to positively act on osteoblastic differentiation processes in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have captured great attention in precision medicine and translational research for several decades due to [...] Read more.

The myokine irisin, well known for its anabolic effect on bone tissue, has been demonstrated to positively act on osteoblastic differentiation processes in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have captured great attention in precision medicine and translational research for several decades due to their differentiation capacity, potent immunomodulatory properties, and their ability to be easily cultured and manipulated. Dental bud stem cells (DBSCs) are MSCs, isolated from dental tissues, that can effectively undergo osteoblastic differentiation. In this study, we analyzed, for the first time, the effects of irisin on DBSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Our results indicated that DBSCs were responsive to irisin, showed an enhanced expression of osteocalcin (OCN), a late marker of osteoblast differentiation, and displayed a greater mineral matrix deposition. These findings lead to deepening the mechanism of action of this promising molecule, as part of osteoblastogenesis process. Considering the in vivo studies of the effects of irisin on skeleton, irisin could improve bone tissue metabolism in MSC regenerative procedures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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10 pages, 3599 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Side Effects of Therapeutic Radioiodine-131 on the Structure of Enamel and Dentin in Permanent Human Teeth

by Alexandru Mester, Marioara Moldovan, Marian Taulescu, Codruta Sarosi, Ioan Petean, Adriana Vulpoi, Andra Piciu, Andrada Voina-Tonea, Cristina Moisescu-Goia, Elena Barbus and Doina Piciu

Biology 2021, 10(4), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10040284 - 1 Apr 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2709

Abstract

Radioiodine-131 (I-131) is an essential therapy for patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC). Generally, I-131 is safe and well tolerated, but patients may present early or late complications in the oral and maxillofacial areas. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate [...] Read more.

Radioiodine-131 (I-131) is an essential therapy for patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC). Generally, I-131 is safe and well tolerated, but patients may present early or late complications in the oral and maxillofacial areas. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate in-vitro, the alteration of enamel and dentin after I-131 exposure using histopathological assessment, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). For I-131 irradiation, an in-vitro protocol was used that simulates the procedure for irradiation therapy performed for patients with DTCs. A total of 42 teeth were divided into seven groups (n = 6) and irradiated as follows: control, irradiation groups (3, 6, 12, 36, 48 h, 8 days). Histological changes were observed at 48 h (enamel surface with multifocal and irregular areas) and at 8 days (enamel surface with multiple, very deep, delimited cavities). SEM imaging revealed the enamel destruction progresses along with the treatment time increasing. The alterations are extended into the enamel depth and the dislocated hydroxyapatite debris is overwhelming. The enamel-dentine interface shows small gaps after 6 h and a very well developed valley after 12 h; the interface microstructure resulted after 8 days is deeply altered. The AFM imaging shows that I-131 affects the protein bond between hydroxyapatite nano-crystals causing loss of cohesion, which leads to significant increasing of nano-particles diameter after 6 h. In conclusion, both enamel and dentin appear to be altered between 12 and 48 h and after 8 days of treatment are extended in depth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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16 pages, 6533 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Observational Study Regarding Possible Side Effects of Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expander (MARPE) with or without the Use of Corticopuncture Therapy

by Eugen Silviu Bud, Cristina Ioana Bică, Mariana Păcurar, Petru Vaida, Alexandru Vlasa, Krisztina Martha and Anamaria Bud

Biology 2021, 10(3), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10030187 - 3 Mar 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 8788

Abstract

The use of maxillary expanders has the effect of distancing the maxillary bones at the level of the median palatal suture. During maxillary expansion, the main resistance forces occur at the zygomatico-maxillary sutures, and not in the median palatal suture, which is the [...] Read more.

The use of maxillary expanders has the effect of distancing the maxillary bones at the level of the median palatal suture. During maxillary expansion, the main resistance forces occur at the zygomatico-maxillary sutures, and not in the median palatal suture, which is the basic principle on which this method is based. In this observational study, we evaluated possible complications at the skeletal and dentoalveolar level after palatal split using miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) associated or not with corticopuncture (CP) therapy. The study included 27 patients with maxillary transverse deficiency and unilateral or bilateral cross-bite. Skeletal and dentoalveolar changes were evaluated using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images acquired before and after expansion. The mid-palatal suture was separated in 88.88% of cases, buccal bone height of the alveolar crest had decreased at first molar both at oral and palatal level by approximately 2.07 mm in 40.7% of cases whilst the remaining 59.3% showed insignificant bone loss, with canines exhibiting buccal tipping of 4.10° in 62.5% of cases. Changes of the occlusal planes were observed in 10 cases (37%). Maxillary canines tended to show symmetric buccal inclinations relative to the maxillary basal bone. Six patients; 22.22% showed hypertrophy/hyperplasia of the palatal mucosa associated with ulcerations, erythema, itching, and discomfort in the area. Swelling at the mid-palatal suture after split was observed in all cases and was caused by the resultant force. No cases of necrosis of the palatal mucosa were observed. Although occlusal modifications occur after palatal split, especially in unilateral cross-bite cases, these changes can be treated with the help of fixed orthodontic appliances. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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15 pages, 527 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cognitive Performance and Its Associations with Dental Caries: Results from the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) Records-Based Nationwide Study

by Itzhak Abramovitz, Avraham Zini, Matan Atzmoni, Ron Kedem, Dorit Zur, Noam E. Protter and Galit Almoznino

Biology 2021, 10(3), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10030178 - 28 Feb 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2603

Abstract

Relatively few studies have analyzed the association between cognitive performance and dental status. This study aimed to analyze the association between cognitive performance and dental caries. Included were data from the dental, oral, medical epidemiological (DOME) study; cross-sectional records-based research, which integrated large [...] Read more.

Relatively few studies have analyzed the association between cognitive performance and dental status. This study aimed to analyze the association between cognitive performance and dental caries. Included were data from the dental, oral, medical epidemiological (DOME) study; cross-sectional records-based research, which integrated large socio-demographic, medical, and dental databases of a nationally representative sample of young to middle-aged military personnel (N = 131,927, mean age: 21.8 ± 5.9 years, age range: 18–50). The cognitive function of draftees is routinely measured at age 17 years using a battery of psychometric tests termed general intelligence score (GIS). The mean number of decayed teeth exhibited a gradient trend from the lowest (3.14 ± 3.58) to the highest GIS category (1.45 ± 2.19) (odds ratio (OR) lowest versus highest = 5.36 (5.06–5.68), p < 0.001). A similar trend was noted for the other dental parameters. The associations between GIS and decayed teeth persisted even after adjusting for socio-demographic parameters and health-related habits. The adjustments attenuated the OR but did not eliminate it (OR lowest versus highest = 3.75 (3.38–4.16)). The study demonstrates an association between cognitive performance and caries, independent of the socio-demographic and health-related habits that were analyzed. Better allocation of resources is recommended, focusing on populations with impaired cognitive performance in need of dental care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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9 pages, 1061 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anisakis Allergy: Is Aquacultured Fish a Safe and Alternative Food to Wild-Capture Fisheries for Anisakis simplex-Sensitized Patients?

by Lorenzo Polimeno, Maria Teresa Lisanti, Margherita Rossini, Edoardo Giacovazzo, Lucrezia Polimeno, Lucantonio Debellis, Andrea Ballini, Skender Topi and Luigi Santacroce

Biology 2021, 10(2), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10020106 - 2 Feb 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3845

Abstract

Background: Anisakis simplex (A. simplex) infection, in humans, causes a series of clinical manifestations affecting the gastro-intestinal tract known as Anisakiasis/Anisakidosis. Patients may also present allergic manifestations such as hives and/or angioedema and even anaphylactic shock. The aim of this study was [...] Read more.

Background: Anisakis simplex (A. simplex) infection, in humans, causes a series of clinical manifestations affecting the gastro-intestinal tract known as Anisakiasis/Anisakidosis. Patients may also present allergic manifestations such as hives and/or angioedema and even anaphylactic shock. The aim of this study was to investigate whether aquacultured fish could be considered A.simplex-free food and constitute a safe, alternative, wild-capture fish food for Gastro-Allergic Anisakiasis (GAA)-sensitized subjects. Methods: Protein extracts from A. simplex larvae in the third stage (L3) and from edible part of heavily infected horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) and aquacultured sea bream, have been tested for A. simplex allergens presence by immunological analysis. Western blot analysis using, as source of specific Anisakis allergens antibodies, serum samples from subjects referring allergic symptoms after raw fish ingestion, was performed. These subjects showed high levels of specific IgE anti A.simplex allergens determined by clinical laboratory tests (ISAC test). Results: Our data demonstrate the presence of Ani s4 allergen in both infected and aquacultured fish extracts, providing a possible interpretation for the allergic manifestations reported by subjects, already sensitized to A. simplex, who ate frozen or well-cooked or, even, aquacultured fish. Conclusions: The present data stimulate more accurate prophylaxis suggestions for Anisakis allergy and more specific controls of fishmeal used in aquaculture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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11 pages, 1194 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Adaptive, Rotary, and Manual Root Canal Instrumentation in Primary Molars: A Triple-Armed, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

by Bhaggyashri A. Pawar, Ajinkya M. Pawar, Anuj Bhardwaj, Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum, Amelia Kristanti Rahardjo, Alexander Maniangat Luke, Zvi Metzger and Anda Kfir

Biology 2021, 10(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10010042 - 10 Jan 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4172

Abstract

This clinical trial focused on collating the instrumentation time and quality of root canal obturation in primary molars treated with three instrumentation techniques: adaptive, rotary, and manual. A triple-armed, randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 75 primary molars requiring pulpectomy treatment, divided [...] Read more.

This clinical trial focused on collating the instrumentation time and quality of root canal obturation in primary molars treated with three instrumentation techniques: adaptive, rotary, and manual. A triple-armed, randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 75 primary molars requiring pulpectomy treatment, divided into three groups (n = 25 per group). The teeth in Group 1 were instrumented with an adaptive technique (XP-endo Shaper, FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland), Group 2 with pediatric rotary files (Kedo-S; D1 and E1), and Group 3 with a manual technique (hand K-files). The apical size of the final instrumentation was maintained at #30 for all groups. Instrumentation time and the grade of the root canal obturation were evaluated. Instrumentation duration was recorded, employing a digital stopwatch from the insertion of the first file until the completion of final irrigation. Obturation quality was assessed using radiographs. The criteria taken as a reference for obturation were: optimal (1 mm short of the apex), underfilled (2 mm short of the apex), or overfilled (beyond the apex). The use of an adaptive technique was associated with the lowest instrumentation time (p < 0.0001) when used for instrumenting primary molars and with the highest root canal filling quality of the three groups. The application of the new concept of adaptive instrumentation for pulpectomy of primary molars was a favorable technique, considering the significant reduction in instrumentation time and better obturation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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Review

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15 pages, 345 KiB

Open AccessReview

Oral Microbiome Research on Oral Lichen Planus: Current Findings and Perspectives

by Won Jung and Sungil Jang

Biology 2022, 11(5), 723; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11050723 - 9 May 2022

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3588

Abstract

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa with an unknown etiology. The role of oral microbes in the development of OLP has gained researchers’ interest. In this review, we summarized the findings of studies focused on the [...] Read more.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa with an unknown etiology. The role of oral microbes in the development of OLP has gained researchers’ interest. In this review, we summarized the findings of studies focused on the relationship between OLP and oral microbiome, which includes the composition of oral microbiota, molecules produced by oral microbiota or the host, and the oral environment of the host. According to the studies, the oral microbial community in OLP patients undergoes dysbiosis, and the microbial dysbiosis in OLP patients is more prominent in the buccal mucosa than in the saliva. However, no same microorganisms have been suggested to be associated with OLP in multiple investigations, implying that the functional aspects of the oral microbiota are more important in OLP development than the composition of the oral microbiota. According to studies on host factors that make up the oral environment, signal pathways involved in cellular processes, such as keratinization, inflammation, and T cell responses are triggered in OLP. Studies on the functional aspects of the oral microbiota, as well as interactions between the host and the oral microbiota, are still lacking, and more research is required. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

15 pages, 1493 KiB

Open AccessReview

Comparative Assessment of the Functional Parameters for Metal-Ceramic and All-Ceramic Teeth Restorations in Prosthetic Dentistry—A Literature Review

by Ana Ispas, Laura Iosif, Daniela Popa, Marius Negucioiu, Mariana Constantiniuc, Cecilia Bacali and Smaranda Buduru

Biology 2022, 11(4), 556; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11040556 - 5 Apr 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4345

Abstract

The metal-ceramic fixed partial prosthesis is the golden standard for posterior tooth restorations. Following the demands of patients and clinicians for metal-free restorations, all-ceramic materials were developed as they offer an adequate alternative with better optical qualities and good mechanical properties. This study [...] Read more.

The metal-ceramic fixed partial prosthesis is the golden standard for posterior tooth restorations. Following the demands of patients and clinicians for metal-free restorations, all-ceramic materials were developed as they offer an adequate alternative with better optical qualities and good mechanical properties. This study aims to carry out a bibliographic review to assess the survival rate and the biological and technical complications of all-ceramic and metal-ceramic fixed partial dentures. An electronic search for articles in the English language literature was performed using PubMed (MEDLINE). This literature review focused on research studies between 2010 and 2020 that performed clinical studies on tooth-supported fixed partial dentures with a mean follow-up of at least 3 years. All the studies, which analyzed the survival and complications of tooth-supported fixed partial dentures, were included. Thus, 14 studies reporting on 756 all-ceramic and 160 metal-ceramic fixed partial dentures met the inclusion criteria. A comparative analysis was carried out based on all the data existing in the studies included in this review. The metal-ceramic fixed partial dentures showed survival rates of 95% to 100% at 3-, 5-, and 10-year follow-up periods. Zirconia fixed partial dentures were reported to have survival rates of 81% to 100% at 3-, 5-, 9-, 10-year follow-up evaluations. The reinforced glass-ceramic fixed partial dentures showed survival rates of 70% to 93.35% at 5 years, while the alumina FPDs showed a survival rate of 68% at 3 years follow-up. The incidence of caries and loss of vitality were reported as higher for all-ceramic prostheses as compared to the metal-ceramic ones. A significant framework fracture was reported for glass-infiltrated alumina fixed partial dentures in comparison to metal-ceramic fixed partial dentures. All-ceramic and metal-ceramic restorations showed similar survival rates after 3 years, although all-ceramic restorations have problems with technical complications such as chipping, which can lead to framework fractures over time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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17 pages, 5794 KiB

Open AccessReview

Survival Rate and Prosthetic and Sinus Complications of Zygomatic Dental Implants for the Rehabilitation of the Atrophic Edentulous Maxilla: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by David Gutiérrez Muñoz, Caterina Obrador Aldover, Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho, Héctor González Menéndez, Juan Lorrio Castro, David Peñarrocha-Oltra, José María Montiel-Company and Sofía Hernández Montero

Biology 2021, 10(7), 601; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10070601 - 29 Jun 2021

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3658

Abstract

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze and compare the survival rate and prosthetic and sinus complications of zygomatic dental implants for the rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla. Materials and methods: We conducted a systematic literature review and [...] Read more.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze and compare the survival rate and prosthetic and sinus complications of zygomatic dental implants for the rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla. Materials and methods: We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations, of clinical studies that evaluated the survival rate and prosthetic and sinus complications of zygomatic dental implants for the rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla. Four databases were consulted during the literature search: Pubmed–Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. After eliminating duplicate articles and applying the inclusion criteria, 46 articles were selected for the qualitative analysis and 32 for the quantitative analysis. Results: Four randomized controlled trials, 19 prospective clinical studies, 20 retrospective studies, and 3 case series were included in the meta-analysis. Conventional dental implants failure (n = 3549) were seen in 2.89% (IC-95% 1.83–3.96%), while zygomatic dental implants failure (n = 1895) were seen in 0.69% (IC-95% 0.21–1.16%). The measure of the effect size used was the Odds Ratio, which was estimated at 2.05 with a confidence interval of 95% between 1.22 and 3.44 (z test = 2.73; p-value = 0.006). The failure risk of conventional dental implants is 2.1 times higher than that of zygomatic dental implants. Slight heterogeneity was determined in the meta-analysis between 23 combined studies (Q test = 32.4; p-value = 0.070; I² = 32.1%). Prosthetic complications were recorded in 4.9% (IC-95% 2.7–7.3%) and mild heterogeneity was observed in a meta-analysis of 28 combined studies (Q test = 88.2; p-value = 0.001; I² = 69.4%). Sinus complications were seen in 4.7% (IC-95% 2.8–6.5%) and mild heterogeneity was observed in a meta-analysis of 32 combined studies (Q test = 75.3; p-value = 0.001; I² = 58.8%). Conclusions: The high survival rate and low prosthetic and sinus complications related to zygomatic dental implants suggest the use of zygomatic dental implants for the rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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15 pages, 3670 KiB

Open AccessReview

Failure Rate, Marginal Bone Loss, and Pink Esthetic with Socket-Shield Technique for Immediate Dental Implant Placement in the Esthetic Zone. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Pilar Velasco Bohórquez, Roberta Rucco, Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho, José María Montiel-Company, Susana de la Vega Buró, Esther Cáceres Madroño, Lara San Hipólito Marín and Sofía Hernández Montero

Biology 2021, 10(6), 549; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10060549 - 18 Jun 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4179

Abstract

Aim: To compare the failure rate, marginal bone loss, and pink esthetic for the socket-shield technique and the conventional technique for immediate dental implant placement in the esthetic zone. Material and methods: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis, based on the [...] Read more.

Aim: To compare the failure rate, marginal bone loss, and pink esthetic for the socket-shield technique and the conventional technique for immediate dental implant placement in the esthetic zone. Material and methods: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations, of clinical studies that evaluated the failure rate, marginal bone loss, and pink esthetic with the socket-shield technique for immediate dental implant placement in the esthetic zone was performed. A total of 4 databases were consulted in the literature search: PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. After eliminating duplicated articles and applying the inclusion criteria, 16 articles were selected for the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results: Four randomized controlled trials, five prospective clinical studies, four retrospective studies, and three case series were included in the meta-analysis. The dental implant failure rate for the socket-shield technique for immediate dental implant placement was 1.37% (95% CI, 0.21–2.54%); however, no statistically significant differences between the conventional and socket-shield technique were found. The estimated mean difference in the marginal bone loss for the socket-shield technique was −0.5 mm (95% CI, −0.82 to −0.18) and statistically significant (p < 0.01), with a high heterogeneity (I² = 99%). The mean pink esthetic score was 12.27 (Q test = 4.47; p-value = 0.61; I² = 0%). The difference in pink esthetic between the conventional (n = 55) and socket-shield techniques (n = 55) for immediate dental implant placement was 1.15 (95% CI, 0.73–1.58; Q test = 8.88; p value = 0.11; I² = 44%). The follow-up time was found to be significant (beta coefficient = 0.023; R² = 85.6%; QM = 3.82; p = 0.049) for the PES for the socket-shield technique. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this systematic review with meta-analysis, the dental implant failure rate did not differ between the socket-shield technique and conventional technique for immediate implant placement in the esthetic zone. However, a lower marginal bone loss and higher pink esthetic scores were found for the socket-shield technique compared to the conventional technique. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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11 pages, 2325 KiB

Open AccessReview

Effect of Computer-Aided Navigation Techniques on the Accuracy of Endodontic Access Cavities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho, Sara Valle Castaño, José María Montiel-Company and Jesús Mena-Álvarez

Biology 2021, 10(3), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10030212 - 10 Mar 2021

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 3400

Abstract

The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the effect of computer-aided navigation techniques on the accuracy of endodontic access cavities. Materials and methods: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of clinical studies, based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and [...] Read more.

The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the effect of computer-aided navigation techniques on the accuracy of endodontic access cavities. Materials and methods: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of clinical studies, based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations, was performed that evaluated the root canal location rate of computer-aided navigation techniques applied to endodontic access cavities. Four different databases were used to consult the literature: PubMed-Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science. After discarding duplicate articles and applying inclusion criteria, 14 articles were selected for qualitative analysis and 13 for quantitative analysis. Results: the root canal location success rate started at 98.1% (CI: 95.7–100%) of the cases performed through a computer-aided navigation technique. The prediction interval ranged from 93.3% to 100%. The meta-analysis did not detect heterogeneity between the combined studies (Q-test = 17.3; p = 0.185; I² = 25%). No statistically significant differences were found between computer-aided static navigation techniques (success rate: 98.5%) and computer-aided dynamic navigation techniques (success rate: 94.5%) (Q test = 0.57; p = 0.451), nor between in vitro studies (success rate: 96.2%) and in vivo studies (success rate: 100%) (Q test = 2.53; p-value = 0.112). An odds success ratio of 13.1 (CI: 95%; 3.48, 49.1) encourages the use of computer-aided navigation techniques over conventional endodontic access cavity procedures. Conclusions: the endodontic access cavities created using static and dynamic computer-aided navigation techniques are highly accurate in locating the root canal system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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21 pages, 1656 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Microbiota and Obesity: Where Are We Now?

by Andrea Ballini, Salvatore Scacco, Mariarosaria Boccellino, Luigi Santacroce and Roberto Arrigoni

Biology 2020, 9(12), 415; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9120415 - 25 Nov 2020

Cited by 57 | Viewed by 6713

Abstract

Genetic and environmental factors are underlying causes of obesity and other metabolic diseases, so it is therefore difficult to find suitable and effective medical treatments. However, without a doubt, the gut microbiota—and also the bacteria present in the oral cavity—act as key factors [...] Read more.

Genetic and environmental factors are underlying causes of obesity and other metabolic diseases, so it is therefore difficult to find suitable and effective medical treatments. However, without a doubt, the gut microbiota—and also the bacteria present in the oral cavity—act as key factors in the development of these pathologies, yet the mechanisms have not been fully described. Certainly, a more detailed knowledge of the structure of the microbiota—composition, intra- and inter-species relationships, metabolic functions—could be of great help in counteracting the onset of obesity. Identifying key bacterial species will allow us to create a database of “healthy” bacteria, making it possible to manipulate the bacterial community according to metabolic and clinical needs. Targeting gut microbiota in clinical care as treatment for obesity and health-related complications—even just for weight loss has become a real possibility. In this topical review we provide an overview of the role of the microbiota on host energy homeostasis and obesity-related metabolic diseases, therefore addressing the therapeutic potential of novel and existing strategies (impact of nutrition/dietary modulation, and fecal microbiota transplantation) in the treatment of metabolic disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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Other

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1 pages, 178 KiB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Marconi et al. Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Response to Titanium Implant Surface: Extracellular Matrix Deposition. Biology 2021, 10, 931

by Guya Diletta Marconi, Luigia Fonticoli, Ylenia Della Rocca, Thangavelu Soundara Rajan, Adriano Piattelli, Oriana Trubiani, Jacopo Pizzicannella and Francesca Diomede

Biology 2023, 12(2), 306; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12020306 - 14 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1080

Abstract

In the original publication [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

17 pages, 2041 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Biological Prognostic Value of miR-155 for Survival Outcome in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis

by Mario Dioguardi, Francesca Spirito, Diego Sovereto, Lucia La Femina, Alessandra Campobasso, Angela Pia Cazzolla, Michele Di Cosola, Khrystyna Zhurakivska, Stefania Cantore, Andrea Ballini, Lorenzo Lo Muzio and Giuseppe Troiano

Biology 2022, 11(5), 651; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11050651 - 24 Apr 2022

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 2824

Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide; in fact, it is among the top six neoplasms, with an incidence of about 370,000 new cases per year. The 5-year survival rate, despite chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery [...] Read more.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide; in fact, it is among the top six neoplasms, with an incidence of about 370,000 new cases per year. The 5-year survival rate, despite chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery for stages 3 and 4 of the disease, is low. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large group of small single-stranded non-coding endogenous RNAs, approximately 18–25 nucleotides in length, that play a significant role in the post-transcriptional regulation of genes. Recent studies investigated the tissue expression of miR-155 as a prognostic biomarker of survival in HNSCC. The purpose of this systematic review is, therefore, to investigate and summarize the current findings in the literature concerning the potential prognostic expression of tissue miR-155 in patients with HNSCC. The revision was performed according to PRISMA indications: three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Register) were consulted through the use of keywords relevant to the revision topic. Totally, eight studies were included and meta-analyzed. The main results report for the aggregate HR values of 1.40 for OS, 1.36 for DFS, and 1.09 for DPS. Finally, a trial sequencing analysis was also conducted to test the robustness of the proposed meta-analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Precision Medicine, Dentistry and Oral Health)

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