Pathophysiology of Hypertension and Related Diseases

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2025) | Viewed by 3149

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: arterial hypertension; chronic kidney disease; emergency medicine; renal denervation; resistant hypertension; secondary hypertension
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Arterial hypertension is a leading healthcare concern worldwide, estimated to affect 45% of the world’s adult population. Since 1990, arterial hypertension has been the leading cause of death and disability-adjusted life years globally. It is a major risk factor for death related to cardiovascular disease, with only cigarette smoking approaching or surpassing it in significance, depending on the population studied.

Although the data from epidemiologic studies may seem bleak or pessimistic, it has long been known that arterial hypertension is a modifiable risk factor—with the implementation of proper preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic measures, it can be effectively controlled, and the risk it presents can be mitigated. Even today, novel pharmacologic (i.e., direct aldosterone synthase inhibitors) and nonpharmacologic (i.e., renal denervation) treatment modalities for arterial hypertension are being developed due to insights into the micro and macrocellular pathophysiologic mechanisms that lead to the clinical picture of arterial hypertension. However, a significant portion of the population remains affected by arterial hypertension, which is underserved, undiagnosed and left untreated due to the gaps in the “net that we cast” on our patient population in order to make an early diagnosis. Therefore, insights into both the epidemiologic picture of specific patient populations and novel pathophsyiologic mechanisms indicated to play a part in arterial hypertension (i.e., diet, psychologic stress, aerial pollution, etc.) are needed and welcomed in order to improve our understanding of this major healthcare issue.

This Special Issue invites the submission of original research articles and reviews that cover all biological aspects of arterial hypertension, with an emphasis on studies improving our understanding of the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension in both the general population and specific vulnerable patient populations. Short communications regarding preliminary but significant results will also be considered. 

We look forward to your submissions and cordially invite you to contribute to this Special Issue and become part of the fight against the insidious, deadly and silent disease that is arterial hypertension.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in JCM.

Dr. Ingrid Prkačin
Dr. Tomislav Bulum
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • arterial hypertension
  • resistant hypertension
  • secondary hypertension
  • prevention and screening of hypertension
  • hypertensive crisis
  • treatment of hypertension
  • obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
  • pathophsyiology of hypertension
  • hypertension and the environment
  • (pre)hypertension and genetics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 5247 KiB  
Article
Antihypertensive Potential of Japanese Quail (Couturnix Couturnix Japonica) Egg Yolk Oil (QEYO) in Sprague Dawley Rats
by Muhammad Sani Ismaila, Sherifat Olayemi Balogun-Raji, Fahad Hamza, Usman Bello Sadiya, Buhari Salisu, Mohammed Umar, Ishaka Aminu and Kegan Romelle Jones
Biology 2024, 13(4), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13040270 - 18 Apr 2024
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Abstract
Oils from animal sources have been used for centuries in the management of diseases. This research was conducted to screen the ex vivo and in vivo toxicity of quail egg yolk oil (QEYO) extracts and assess their effects on the management of hypertension [...] Read more.
Oils from animal sources have been used for centuries in the management of diseases. This research was conducted to screen the ex vivo and in vivo toxicity of quail egg yolk oil (QEYO) extracts and assess their effects on the management of hypertension in rats. QEYO was extracted using gentle heating (GH) and n-hexane (NHN). The extracts were subjected to toxicity testing using the hen’s egg test on chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) and bovine corneal histology test. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity (28 days) were evaluated in rats. Hypertension was induced in rats by administering 80 mg/kg of Nω-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) per day for 28 days. Treatments commenced on the 14th day; Nifedipine at 30 mg/kg and 1 mL of distilled water were administered as positive and negative controls. Blood pressure (BP), lipid profiles, and oxidative stress markers were quantified. No irritation was observed using the HET-CAM test in the egg treated with both extracts. Bovine corneal histology showed no lesions in all treated groups. No signs of toxicity were observed in either acute or sub-chronic toxicity studies. A significant reduction in blood pressure was observed in rats treated with the extracts (p < 0.05). Changes in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLPs), and high-density lipoproteins (HDLPs) were not significant compared to the control (p > 0.05). Oxidative stress markers (SOD and CAT) increased significantly in the treated groups compared to the control, while the malondialdehyde levels decreased (p < 0.05). QEYO was safe in both ex vivo and in vivo studies and can be said to have the potential to lower blood pressure as well as cardio-protective effects in hypertensive rats. This research provides evidence based on which QEYO could be used safely as an adjuvant therapy in eye drops and cosmetics and can be considered an effective choice for preventing hypertension. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology of Hypertension and Related Diseases)
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Review

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21 pages, 1292 KiB  
Review
Understanding Hypertension: A Metabolomic Perspective
by Inês C. R. Graça, Cláudia Martins, Fernando Ribeiro and Alexandra Nunes
Biology 2025, 14(4), 403; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14040403 - 11 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Metabolomics approaches, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS), have emerged as powerful tools for studying cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including hypertension. The use of biological fluids, like plasma and serum, has garnered significant interest [...] Read more.
Metabolomics approaches, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS), have emerged as powerful tools for studying cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including hypertension. The use of biological fluids, like plasma and serum, has garnered significant interest due to their accessibility and potential in elucidating disease mechanisms. This review aims to summarize the current literature on the application of metabolomics techniques (FTIR, NMR, and MS) in the study of hypertension, focusing on their contributions to understanding disease pathophysiology, biomarker discovery, and therapeutic advancements. A comprehensive analysis of metabolomic studies was performed, with a particular emphasis on the diversity of altered metabolites associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and sex-related differences. Metabolomics techniques, including FTIR, NMR, and MS, provide comprehensive insights into the biochemical alterations underlying hypertension, such as amino acid and fatty acid metabolism impairment or inflammation and oxidative stress processes. This review underscores their role in advancing biomarker identification, deepening our understanding of disease mechanisms, and supporting the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. The integration of these tools highlights their potential in personalized medicine and their capacity to improve clinical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology of Hypertension and Related Diseases)
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