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Biology
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Aquatic Animal Pathogens and Immunity
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Aquatic Animal Pathogens and Immunity

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2026) | Viewed by 4102

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Myung-hwa Jung

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Aqualife Medicine, Kongju National University, Yesan 32588, Republic of Korea
Interests: aquatic animal disease; immunology; disease control and prevention
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Junsoung Kwak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Aqualife Medicine, Kongju National University, Yesan 32588, Republic of Korea
Interests: molecular biology; virology; CRISPR

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, on aquatic animal pathogens and immunity, aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge in the field, highlighting cutting-edge research on pathogen–host interactions, immune responses, and emerging diseases in aquatic species. We invite contributions that explore the molecular, cellular, and immunological mechanisms by which aquatic animals detect and respond to pathogens. Additionally, we seek papers that investigate the epidemiology of aquatic diseases, the development of diagnostic tools, and innovative strategies for disease control and prevention.

This Special Issue will feature a wide range of topics, including but not limited to, the following:

  • Pathogenesis of emerging infectious diseases in aquatic animals.
  • Innate and adaptive immunity in aquatic species.
  • Genetic and molecular approaches to understanding immune responses.
  • Environmental factors influencing disease susceptibility.
  • Immunological biomarkers for disease detection.
  • Vaccination and immunoprophylactic strategies in aquaculture.
  • The impact of pathogens on aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem health.

Through this Special Issue, we hope to foster greater collaboration among researchers, aquaculture professionals, and policymakers to tackle the growing challenges posed by aquatic animal diseases. By advancing our understanding of aquatic immunity and pathogen dynamics, we aim to enhance the sustainability and resilience of aquatic ecosystems and the aquaculture industry.

We look forward to sharing the latest research and innovations in this rapidly evolving field.

Dr. Myung-hwa Jung
Dr. Junsoung Kwak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • disease mechanism
  • diagnosis methods for emerging diseases
  • host–pathogen interaction
  • immune defense mechanism
  • vaccines
  • immunostimulants
  • disease control and prevention
  • therapy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 4129 KB  
Article
Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of CD22 in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Its Potential Role in Immune Responses
by Qi Ye, Jimin Niu, Yu Huang and Jichang Jian
Biology 2026, 15(2), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15020140 - 13 Jan 2026
Viewed by 739
Abstract
In mammals, CD22 is a member of the Siglec family and plays essential roles in B-cell activation, signal transduction, and immune regulation. However, its functions in teleost fish remain largely unclear. In this study, a CD22 homolog designated On-CD22 was identified and cloned [...] Read more.
In mammals, CD22 is a member of the Siglec family and plays essential roles in B-cell activation, signal transduction, and immune regulation. However, its functions in teleost fish remain largely unclear. In this study, a CD22 homolog designated On-CD22 was identified and cloned from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). On-CD22 transcripts were highly expressed in the head kidney and peripheral blood of healthy fish and showed significant expression changes following infection with Streptococcus agalactiae, Aeromonas hydrophila, or stimulation with poly(I:C). Subcellular localization analysis indicated that On-CD22 is predominantly localized to the plasma membrane. Luciferase reporter assays performed in heterologous cell systems showed that overexpression of On-CD22 was associated with changes in the basal transcriptional activities of NF-κB, IFN1, IFN3, and STAT1 responsive promoters under unstimulated conditions. Furthermore, single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that On-CD22 expression was mainly confined to the B-cell population within head-kidney leukocytes. Collectively, these findings suggest that On-CD22 may be involved in immune regulatory processes in Nile tilapia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aquatic Animal Pathogens and Immunity)
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41 pages, 7341 KB  
Article
Dynamics of Pathomorphological and Pathophysiological Alterations in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) During Acute Aeromonas salmonicida Infection
by Dmitry Nikiforov-Nikishin, Nikita Kochetkov, Kirill Gavrilin, Viktoria Gaffarova, Kirill Medvedev, Svetlana Smorodinskaya, Anastasia Klimuk, Yuri Kuchikhin, Ivan Svinarev, Natalya Gladysh, Anna Kudryavtseva, Egor Shitikov and Alexei Nikiforov-Nikishin
Biology 2025, 14(10), 1330; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14101330 - 26 Sep 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2473
Abstract
Furunculosis caused by Aeromonas salmonicida is one of the most common diseases in aquaculture, leading to significant economic losses. This study comprehensively investigated the dynamics of pathophysiological and histopathological disorders in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with the moderately virulent strain [...] Read more.
Furunculosis caused by Aeromonas salmonicida is one of the most common diseases in aquaculture, leading to significant economic losses. This study comprehensively investigated the dynamics of pathophysiological and histopathological disorders in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with the moderately virulent strain A. salmonicida SL0n. Whole-genome analysis showed that strain SL0n belongs to the A. salmonicida species complex, possessing a single circular chromosome. The genome encodes a wide range of virulence factors, including adhesion systems (type IV pili, fimbriae), toxins (aerolysin, hemolysins), and a type II secretion system (T2SS), but notably lacks plasmids and a type III secretion system (T3SS). This genomic profile likely dictates a pathogenic mechanism reliant on secreted exotoxins (via T2SS), explaining the observed systemic cytotoxic damage. In an acute experiment, the 4-day LD50 was determined to be 1.63 × 106 CFU/fish. In a prolonged experiment, fish were injected with a sublethal dose (1.22 × 106 CFU/fish—75% of LD50). The disease progressed through three consecutive stages. The early stage (1–2 DPI) was characterized by maximal bacterial load and activation of nonspecific immunity. The acute stage (4 DPI) manifested as severe septicemia and anemia, associated with systemic organ damage, which correlated with peak AST and ALT enzyme activity. The recovery stage (6 DPI) was marked by partial regression of inflammation, key biochemical and histological parameters indicated persistent liver and kidney dysfunction, signifying an incomplete recovery. These results demonstrate the pathogenesis of acute furunculosis and reveal that the genomic profile of the SL0n strain causes a sequential, systemic infection characterized by severe organ dysfunction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aquatic Animal Pathogens and Immunity)
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