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To address the thermal bottlenecks in high-power-density liquid-cooled IGBT modules, a synergistic optimization method integrating thermal-bottleneck mitigation and thermal-shortcut enhancement is proposed. The thermal conductivity and thickness of t...

Pre-execution feasibility validation can substantially improve LLM-based task planning without proportional inference cost, but only when it is grounded, deterministic, and tightly bounded. We propose Plan-Then-Verify (PTV), a verifier-first control...

As ports become increasingly embedded in broader transport and logistics systems, inter-port linkages have become important for understanding regional port-system evolution. Although network analysis has been used to examine port systems, the charact...

Existing oblivious transfer (OT)-based private set intersection (PSI) protocols use cuckoo hashing and assume that participants hold similarly sized sets. In multi-institutional collaboration, set sizes differ, and OT costs follow the largest set alt...

Footprint mechanics, which govern most of the tire properties, are complex to model and expensive to measure. A physics-based numerical model requires extensive parameterization for modeling each subcomponent, while data-driven models are limited by...

Under China’s agricultural “double-carbon” strategy and the implementation of national emission standards, new energy tractors have become the core direction of green and low-carbon transformation of agricultural machinery, forming...

This study investigates an inertial electromagnetic energy harvester designed to simultaneously attenuate vibrations and harvest electrical energy. The proposed system is based on a nonlinear oscillator incorporating an electromagnetic transducer, wh...

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major cereal used for food, feed, and industrial applications. This study assessed genetic diversity and biochemical variability among 49 maize genotypes to identify promising material for grain quality improvement. RAPD prof...

Identifying rock conditions ahead of a tunnel face is essential for drilling-parameter optimization, construction safety, and support design. Measurement-while-drilling (MWD) data from drilling jumbos offer a continuous, low-cost basis for this task,...

Land cover changes occur continuously across the world. Both human activities and natural processes constantly modify the appearance of a given area. Predicting the direction of such changes can not only help prepare the population mentally for them,...

Assessment of photovoltaic panel surfaces must cope with illumination variation, dust, snow, glare, cracks and bird droppings. This study presents SolarVisionNet (SVN), which fuses a seven-channel input (RGB plus physics-inspired glare, snow, bird-dr...

Low-cost, modular automation testbeds enable the control logic of a horticultural production line to be tested before a full-scale machine is built. This paper investigates an automated machine for planting flower bulbs in pots, constructed from LEGO...

This study presents the design rationale and a bench-level technical characterization of a low-cost, single-sided Time-of-Flight (ToF) timing system intended for school physical education. The system integrates a ToF distance sensor, an ESP32-C3 micr...

Serpentinite-derived soils are naturally enriched in potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and may represent an environmental concern where asbestos-bearing lithologies occur at the surface. The Gimigliano–Monte Reventino Unit (Calabria, southern I...

Predicting fatigue crack growth in structural alloys requires linking processes that span enormous differences in scale, from crystallographic slip at the nanoscale to failure of an entire component. Engineering assessments still rely heavily on phen...

In assisted reproduction, accurate segmentation of human blastocyst (HB) components is essential for embryo assessment and selection. Deep learning-based segmentation methods, including U-Net variants and DeepLab architectures, have demonstrated stro...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping the sectors of digital health and preventive medicine, although the role of olfaction—one of the most informative yet underutilized human senses—remains largely unexplored in this context....

Accurate determination of rock mechanical parameters for ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs (>9000 m) is critical for wellbore stability evaluation and acid-fracturing parameter optimization, yet systematic experimental data for such depths remain sc...

Hygrothermal ageing can affect the mechanical performance of adhesively bonded carbon-fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) joints under both static and fatigue loading. Understanding how their fracture behaviour evolves with exposure time is important for...

Four historical Pisano power-law equations for daily dry-weather solids deposition are audited using transparent numerical and analytical diagnostics. EQ1 is an endogenous surrogate: its slope descriptors depend on prior modeled deposition, whereas E...

Foliar diseases reduce barley productivity and may impair physical grain quality, while repeated activation of plant defense can impose metabolic costs. This two-year field study evaluated whether two previously characterized benzothiadiazole-based s...

Verifying a Petri net-based concurrent system is essential, since errors such as unbounded resource accumulation or deadlocks are costly after deployment. Invariant coverage is a diagnostic, but computing a minimal invariant basis can have exponentia...

The aim of this study was to develop and investigate the effect of the freeze-drying and coating on the physicochemical properties of gummies enriched with caffeine and collagen hydrolysate. Gelatin-based gummies in which sucrose was replaced with xy...

Studies of user-generated video game reviews make sampling decisions that limit how far their findings can be generalized. How often these decisions are reported has not been measured. This abstract-level systematic mapping study screened 868 records...

Despite the recognized medicinal value of mistletoe, its berries remain relatively poorly characterized in terms of their phytochemical composition and biological properties. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile and the antioxidant, antidia...

Rolling-element bearings in transportation drivetrains, such as railway axle-box and traction-motor bearings, are safety-critical, yet fault diagnosis models trained under one operating condition suffer severe performance degradation when deployed un...

Paired coordinate measuring machine (CMM) measurements documented dimensional changes in sixteen STS630 bent-sheet components aged in one batch at 480 ± 10 °C for 3 ± 0.5 h. The same CMM and feature-specific styli were used before a...

Avocado honey is classified as one of the rarest and most prized monofloral varieties, showing a unique physicochemical profile and typical organoleptic features, according to botanical and geographical origin. Despite its noteworthy properties, it h...

Objectives: To compare combined orthodontic–periodontal treatment with periodontal therapy alone on probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) in adults with periodontitis. Methods: Three databases and two trial registries w...

The quality of blasting in peripheral holes directly determines contour-forming quality in tunnels and the level of control over overbreaks and underbreaks. The aim of this study was to address the problems of uneven post-blasting contours, overbreak...

Chemical-induced disease (CID) relation extraction plays an important role for disease treatment, drug repositioning, and drug discovery; thus, researchers employ natural language processing techniques to extract such relationships from the biomedica...

This numerical study presents cdp_DCM.f, an open and thread-safe user-material subroutine (UMAT) for the Abaqus concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model, written from the governing equations in the Abaqus documentation. It retains the Lubliner yield s...

Panoramic object detection is constrained at three levels of the detection pipeline: equirectangular projection deforms the input representation, crowded scenes weaken feature discrimination and complicate overlapping predictions, and high-resolution...

Sacrificial-anode cathodic protection remains one of the most widely applied corrosion mitigation strategies for metallic structures exposed to marine, freshwater, soil and industrial environments. Conventional zinc-, aluminum- and magnesium-based an...

During operation, shield tunnel linings commonly develop ovalization and cracking. Steel-plate strengthening is an effective measure for delaying structural performance degradation and extending the service life of shield tunnel linings. However, the...

The rapid proliferation of fake news poses significant societal and psychological risks, driving an urgent need for automated detection systems. While conventional unimodal methods fail to capture complex cross-modal relationships, existing multimoda...

Kazakh Sign Language (KSL) remains a low-resource language with limited parallel data for automatic translation. This study examines written Kazakh-to-KSL gloss translation with supervised models and preference-based optimization. A Transformer basel...

Visual recognition models are usually accepted on the basis of held-out accuracy, which does not reveal whether a model relies on image regions that actually carry label information in the training data. Post-hoc saliency methods describe a trained n...

Tomato ripeness detection is critical for intelligent greenhouse management and automated harvesting. However, complex backgrounds, severe occlusion, scale variation with numerous small objects, and lighting-induced feature degradation make single-mo...

Reservoir computing (RC) is a highly efficient time-series processing neural network model that can be applied to a wide range of real-world applications, including natural language processing. This study offers physical perspectives on how RC proces...

Elucidating the evolution of sandstone pore structure and the mechanisms of macroscopic damage and failure under freeze–thaw cycling is an important scientific issue for the safe construction and operation of rock engineering projects in cold r...

Hybrid meat–plant products are an emerging product category designed to reduce meat content while retaining key technological and sensory characteristics of conventional meat products. This systematic review evaluated formulation strategies and...

With the rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence, distinguishing AI-generated images from human-created ones has become increasingly difficult. This paper presents a cross-sectional comparative study examining people’s ability t...

To gain insight into the dynamics of a three-degrees-of-freedom (3 DOF) manipulator system with a passive first and two active joints operating in conjunction with a stabilizing controller, an analysis based on a set of indicators was proposed. Manip...

This study presents a three-dimensional finite element analysis of bond degradation between corroded steel reinforcement and concrete in reinforced concrete (RC) beams subjected to monotonic loading. A reduced cross-section method based on a uniform...

Unlike the uniform eigenstrain case, polynomial eigenstrain distributions capture spatially varying transformation fields, offering higher physical fidelity and direct relevance to the equivalent inclusion method (EIM) for non-elliptical inhomogeneit...

Low-level wind shear (LLWS) poses a critical threat to aviation safety, especially at high-altitude airports located in valley environments. However, the formation mechanisms of LLWS with low-level jets (LLJs) remain poorly understood under high-alti...

Object detection underpins safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving and intelligent surveillance, yet the inherent vulnerability of object detection models exposes them to the dual threat of adversarial and backdoor attacks. Existing d...

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) combines supervised exercise with interventions targeting long-term health behaviours, yet outcomes are often evaluated primarily through changes in aerobic capacity. This study compared the standardised magnitude of impro...

This cross-sectional study examined complex gait (CG) under auditory-verbal memory interference and eye–hand coordination (EHC) under visual-perceptual interference in community-dwelling older adults (31 men, 67 women; 68.26 ± 5.05 years...