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Agronomy
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Biotic and Abiotic Stress Management in Grapevine: Recent Advances and...
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Biotic and Abiotic Stress Management in Grapevine: Recent Advances and Major Breakthroughs

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Breeding and Genetics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 February 2023) | Viewed by 14397

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rita B. Santos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: proteomics, plant–pathogen interaction; grapevine; oomycete; protease; defense; active secretome; effectors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Andreia Figueiredo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: systems biology; omics technologies; plant–pathogen interaction; grapevine; proteases; metabolism; lipids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Grapevine is one of the most important crops in the world, occupying over 7 Mha of land for the production of wine, table and dried grapes. However, this crop is also highly susceptible to several biotic and abiotic stresses and, with climate change, new challenges will certainly arise. The current technological and analytical advances have allowed a better understanding of plant dynamics and mechanisms to deal with these threats, from omics approaches to robotics solutions and high-throughput phenotyping.

This Special Issue aims to bring together the community that tackles these challenges in grapevines to help create a broader image of possible future solutions for stress management in this crop. The Special Issue welcomes, but is not limited to, manuscripts that address the following topics:

  • Biochemical studies on the molecular mechanisms of stress defense;
  • Biocontrol and priming strategies at lab and field scale;
  • Genetic resources, breeding strategies and phenotypic diversity;
  • The impact of microbiome communities on stress management;
  • Valuable agronomic traits;
  • Novel bioinformatic tools;
  • Robotic solutions for stress prediction;
  • Phenotyping.

Dr. Rita B. Santos
Prof. Dr. Andreia Figueiredo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • omics
  • biocontrol
  • priming
  • breeding
  • phenotype
  • microbiome
  • agronomic trait
  • bioinformatics
  • robotics

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 214 KiB  
Editorial
Biotic and Abiotic Stress Management in Grapevine: Recent Advances and Major Breakthroughs
by Rita B. Santos and Andreia Figueiredo
Agronomy 2023, 13(6), 1584; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061584 - 12 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1310
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biotic and Abiotic Stress Management in Grapevine: Recent Advances and Major Breakthroughs)

Research

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18 pages, 3623 KiB  
Article
From Plant Nursery to Field: Persistence of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Balancing Effects on Growth-Defence Tradeoffs Mediated by Rootstock
by Luca Nerva, Raffaella Balestrini and Walter Chitarra
Agronomy 2023, 13(1), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010229 - 12 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1791
Abstract
The plant domestication process led to crops with strongly modified growth-defense tradeoff features, and crops that were much more pampered in terms of nutrition, irrigation and defense measures, showing less ability to trigger adaptation strategies with respect to their wild relatives. It is [...] Read more.
The plant domestication process led to crops with strongly modified growth-defense tradeoff features, and crops that were much more pampered in terms of nutrition, irrigation and defense measures, showing less ability to trigger adaptation strategies with respect to their wild relatives. It is worth noting that plants are not alone, they share their environment with a myriad of microbes supporting them with many relevant functions. We have already demonstrated that an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculum (formed by two AMF species, i.e., Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae) is able to balance growth and defense responses in two grapevine rootstocks with opposite tradeoff features. In the present study, we evaluated the persistence of AMF-mediated balancing effects under field conditions, confirming the positive impact of the symbiosis in vineyards. In detail, some genes related to nitrogen (N) uptake and metabolism were specifically modulated by the presence of the symbionts, while others were not. Additionally, photosynthetic performances and stilbenes accumulation were influenced by the AMF presence. Overall, our results open new questions about the timing of AMF inoculation in grapevine to obtain a stable and functional symbiosis, suggesting that an early inoculation can facilitate the interaction between grapevine roots and these beneficial microorganisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biotic and Abiotic Stress Management in Grapevine: Recent Advances and Major Breakthroughs)
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15 pages, 1634 KiB  
Article
Grapevine Phenology of White Cultivars in Rueda Designation of Origin (Spain) in Response to Weather Conditions and Potential Shifts under Warmer Climate
by María Concepción Ramos and Jesús Yuste
Agronomy 2023, 13(1), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010146 - 01 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1219
Abstract
Grapevines are among the crops that could suffer stronger effects under climate change, although the effect can differ based on cultivars and location. The aim of this work was to analyse the phenological response of the Verdejo variety compared to other two white [...] Read more.
Grapevines are among the crops that could suffer stronger effects under climate change, although the effect can differ based on cultivars and location. The aim of this work was to analyse the phenological response of the Verdejo variety compared to other two white varieties (Viura and Sauvignon Blanc) cultivated in Rueda Designation of Origin (DO), Spain, under the present climate conditions, and their potential shifts under projected climate change scenarios. Phenological dates referring to budbreak, flowering, véraison and harvest were analyzed for the period 2008–2021 in 13 plots, together with the weather conditions at daily time scale recorded during the same period. The chill and heat units were evaluated to determine the starting date for heat accumulation, as well as the base temperature to reach each phenological stage. The influence of temperature (maximum and minimum) and water availability averaged for different periods between phenological events were evaluated, and the information was used to project potential changes in phenology by 2050 and 2070 under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios: RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. An advance of all phenological dates was projected, in particular for véraison and ripening. Verdejo could suffer slightly higher advance than Sauvignon Blanc, and, in any case, ripening will happen under warmer conditions. By 2050, flowering could be advanced between seven and nine days, depending on the emission scenario. However, véraison could be advanced about 13 or 14 days under the RCP4.5 scenario and between 16 and 19 days under the RCP8.5 scenario. Ripening could be reached by 2050 up to 20 days and 25 days earlier, respectively, under the RCP4.5 and the RCP8.5 emission scenarios, and up to 29 days earlier by 2070. These projections may imply further impacts on grapes and wines for the aforementioned cultivars associated to harvest under warmer conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biotic and Abiotic Stress Management in Grapevine: Recent Advances and Major Breakthroughs)
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20 pages, 3790 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Spectral and Physiological Responses of Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) to Heat and Water Stresses under Different Vineyard Cooling and Irrigation Strategies
by Alessia Cogato, Lihua Wu, Shaikh Yassir Yousouf Jewan, Franco Meggio, Francesco Marinello, Marco Sozzi and Vinay Pagay
Agronomy 2021, 11(10), 1940; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101940 - 27 Sep 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3171
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) and water stress (WS) pose severe threats to viticulture, and effective management solutions to counter their effects on grapevine performance must be examined. In this study, we evaluated the physiological and spectral responses of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon blanc [...] Read more.
Heat stress (HS) and water stress (WS) pose severe threats to viticulture, and effective management solutions to counter their effects on grapevine performance must be examined. In this study, we evaluated the physiological and spectral responses of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon blanc to individual (HS) and combined (HS + WS) stress under four different cooling and irrigation strategies. The treatments were: standard drip irrigation (SI), extra drip irrigation (SI+), extra sprinklers irrigation (SPRI), and sustained deficit irrigation (SDI; 50% of SI). Compared to the other treatments, in the early stages after the occurrence of HS, the vine water status of SPRI and SI+ improved, with high stomatal conductance (gs) (SPRI) and stem water potential (Ψstem; SPRI and SI+). All the physiological indicators measured were significantly lower after the end of HS in the SDI treatment. We also identified the spectral response of grapevine to HS and combined HS and WS (resulting from SDI). Consistent with the physiological analysis, the proximal spectral responses of leaves identified SPRI and SI+ as putative cooling strategies to minimize vine HS. The vines undergoing combined stress (SDI) showed greenness amelioration 10 days after stress, as revealed by the greenness vegetation indices (VIs), i.e., Green Index (GI), Normalized Difference Greenness Vegetation Index (NDGI), and Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI). However, their physiological recovery was not achieved within this time, as shown by the Simple Ratio Index (SRI), Transformed Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index (TCARI), and TCARI/Optimized Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (TCARI/OSAVI). A three-step band selection process allowed the identification of the spectral traits’ responsive to HS and combined stress, i.e., 1336–1340 nm, 1967–1971 nm, and 600–604 nm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biotic and Abiotic Stress Management in Grapevine: Recent Advances and Major Breakthroughs)
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16 pages, 5881 KiB  
Article
High-Throughput Phenotyping of Leaf Discs Infected with Grapevine Downy Mildew Using Shallow Convolutional Neural Networks
by Daniel Zendler, Nagarjun Malagol, Anna Schwandner, Reinhard Töpfer, Ludger Hausmann and Eva Zyprian
Agronomy 2021, 11(9), 1768; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091768 - 02 Sep 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3655
Abstract
Objective and standardized recording of disease severity in mapping crosses and breeding lines is a crucial step in characterizing resistance traits utilized in breeding programs and to conduct QTL or GWAS studies. Here we report a system for automated high-throughput scoring of disease [...] Read more.
Objective and standardized recording of disease severity in mapping crosses and breeding lines is a crucial step in characterizing resistance traits utilized in breeding programs and to conduct QTL or GWAS studies. Here we report a system for automated high-throughput scoring of disease severity on inoculated leaf discs. As proof of concept, we used leaf discs inoculated with Plasmopara viticola ((Berk. and Curt.) Berl. and de Toni) causing grapevine downy mildew (DM). This oomycete is one of the major grapevine pathogens and has the potential to reduce grape yield dramatically if environmental conditions are favorable. Breeding of DM resistant grapevine cultivars is an approach for a novel and more sustainable viticulture. This involves the evaluation of several thousand inoculated leaf discs from mapping crosses and breeding lines every year. Therefore, we trained a shallow convolutional neural-network (SCNN) for efficient detection of leaf disc segments showing P. viticola sporangiophores. We could illustrate a high and significant correlation with manually scored disease severity used as ground truth data for evaluation of the SCNN performance. Combined with an automated imaging system, this leaf disc-scoring pipeline has the potential to considerably reduce the amount of time during leaf disc phenotyping. The pipeline with all necessary documentation for adaptation to other pathogens is freely available. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biotic and Abiotic Stress Management in Grapevine: Recent Advances and Major Breakthroughs)
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Other

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12 pages, 1440 KiB  
Brief Report
Comparison of the Efficacy of Trichoderma and Bacillus Strains and Commercial Biocontrol Products against Grapevine Botryosphaeria Dieback Pathogens
by Natalia Langa-Lomba, Vicente González-García, M. Eugenia Venturini-Crespo, José Casanova-Gascón, Juan J. Barriuso-Vargas and Pablo Martín-Ramos
Agronomy 2023, 13(2), 533; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020533 - 13 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1854
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) cause significant yield losses worldwide and limit the lifespan of vineyards. In the last few years, using biological control agents (BCAs) for pruning wound protection has become a promising management strategy for the control of these pathologies. This study [...] Read more.
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) cause significant yield losses worldwide and limit the lifespan of vineyards. In the last few years, using biological control agents (BCAs) for pruning wound protection has become a promising management strategy for the control of these pathologies. This study aimed to compare the antifungal activities of a grapevine-native Trichoderma harzianum isolate and a high-potential Bacillus velezensis strain against two pathogenic Botryosphaeriaceae species in artificially inoculated, potted, grafted plants under controlled greenhouse conditions, taking three commercial biocontrol products (based on T. atroviride I-1237, T. harzianum T-22, and Bacillus subtilis BS03 strains) as a reference. To reproduce certain field conditions more realistically, inoculation of the protective agents and the pathogens was conducted simultaneously immediately after pruning instead of allowing the BCAs to colonize the wounds before pathogen inoculation. Significant differences in necrosis lengths were detected for both Neofusicoccum parvum- and Diplodia seriata-infected plants, and a remarkable protective effect of Bacillus velezensis BUZ-14 was observed in all cases. Trichoderma-based treatments showed different efficacies against the two pathogenic fungi. While the three tested BCAs resulted in significant reductions in vascular necrosis caused by N. parvum, they did not significantly reduce D. seriata infection compared to the untreated inoculated control. The B. subtilis strain was not effective. The reported results provide support for the potential Bacillus velezensis may have for pruning wound protection against Botryosphaeriaceae fungi, encouraging its evaluation under natural field conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biotic and Abiotic Stress Management in Grapevine: Recent Advances and Major Breakthroughs)
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