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Agronomy
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Artificial LED Lighting for Indoor Farming
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Artificial LED Lighting for Indoor Farming

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Horticultural and Floricultural Crops".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 4931

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Viktorija Vaštakaitė-Kairienė

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kaunas Street 30, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania
Interests: microgreens; lighting; light-emitting diodes; antioxidant; leafy greens; controlled environmental agriculture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Unpredictable climate conditions such as drought, frost, wind, rain, or heat waves influence plant production and might result in financial losses. Therefore, more plants are produced in controlled environment agriculture systems to achieve high-quantity and high-quality outputs and benefits. Electric lighting is used as the sole or supplemental light source indoors. Light-emitting diode (LED) lighting technology is increasingly used due to its undeniable electrical efficiency and advantages over other light electric light sources such as fluorescent and high-intensity discharge lamps. LEDs use up to 60% less electricity because less heat is released into the environment and because the light parameters can be carefully chosen to promote plant photoreceptor activity, ensure healthy development, boost desirable nutritional characteristics, and prolong product quality during storage.

In this Special Issue, papers (articles, reviews, and communications) that focus on indoor plant production (vegetables, herbs, and flowers) under LED lighting, including plant morphology, physiology, and biochemistry, are most welcome.

Dr. Viktorija Vaštakaitė-Kairienė
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • controlled environment agriculture
  • grow light
  • vertical farming

Published Papers (3 papers)

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13 pages, 2215 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Pre-Harvest LEDs on Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Microgreens during Short-Term Storage
by Viktorija Vaštakaitė-Kairienė, Sigita Jurkonienė, Neringa Rasiukevičiūtė, Rasa Karklelienė and Giedrė Samuolienė
Agronomy 2023, 13(8), 2188; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13082188 - 21 Aug 2023
Viewed by 942
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the influence of the pre-harvest light-emitting diode (LED) spectrum on the metabolic indices in microgreens during post-harvest storage. Broccoli ‘Micro Green’ and kale ‘Dwarf Blue Green’ microgreens were cultivated in a growth chamber under the photosynthetic photon flux [...] Read more.
This study aims to evaluate the influence of the pre-harvest light-emitting diode (LED) spectrum on the metabolic indices in microgreens during post-harvest storage. Broccoli ‘Micro Green’ and kale ‘Dwarf Blue Green’ microgreens were cultivated in a growth chamber under the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 200 µmol m−2 s−1 provided by violet (V, 405 nm), blue (B, 447 nm), green (G, 520 nm), and red (R638, R665, R—638 nm and 665 nm, or both, respectively) LEDs in combinations of BR638, BR665, BR, BRV, and BRG. We evaluated the total phenolic content (TPC), total protein (TP), chlorophyll (CHL), and carotenoid (CAR) contents, and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging activities at harvest and during storage at 4 °C for five days in the dark. The results demonstrate that the influence of pre-harvest LEDs on the metabolic indices varied among microgreens species and decreased consistently throughout the post-harvest period. BRV treatment led to the highest TPC, CHL, and CAR in kale, and increased the DPPH radical scavenging activity in broccoli. The TP content was the highest in kale and broccoli under BR665 and BR lights, respectively. In addition, BR light had a similar impact on the antioxidant capacity at harvest day for both microgreens species. The TPC, CHL, and CAR contents were influenced by BR665 after one day from harvest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial LED Lighting for Indoor Farming)
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12 pages, 3358 KiB  
Article
Photoreceptors Modulate the Flowering and Morphogenesis Responses of Pelargonium × hortorum to Night-Interruption Light Quality Shifting
by Yoo Gyeong Park and Byoung Ryong Jeong
Agronomy 2023, 13(3), 857; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030857 - 15 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1212
Abstract
This study examines how the day neutral plant (DNP) Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey ‘Ringo 2000 Violet’ is impacted by LED night-interruption light (NIL) quality shifting in terms of flowering, morphogenesis, and transcription of photoreceptor genes. A closed-type plant factory with white (W) [...] Read more.
This study examines how the day neutral plant (DNP) Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey ‘Ringo 2000 Violet’ is impacted by LED night-interruption light (NIL) quality shifting in terms of flowering, morphogenesis, and transcription of photoreceptor genes. A closed-type plant factory with white (W) LEDs providing 180 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD light for long day (LD, 16 h light, 8 h dark), short day (SD, 10 h light, 14 h dark), or SD with 4 h night interruption (NI) with 10 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD LEDs was used to grow the plants. Two NIL qualities were employed, where after the first two hours, the NIL quality was switched from one to another among white (W), far-red (Fr), red (R), and blue (B). A total of 12 SD treatments with NIL quality shifting were used, with the LD and SD serving as the control: NI-BR (from B to R), NI-RB (from R to B), NI-RFr (from R to Fr), NI-FrR (from Fr to R), NI-BFr (from B to Fr), NI-FrB (from Fr to B), NI-WB (from W to B), NI-BW (from B to W), NI-FrW (from Fr to W), NI-WFr (from W to Fr), NI-RW (from R to W), and NI-WR (from W to R). LD refers to a 16 h long-day treatment. Geranium plants were taller in NI treatments that included Fr light than those in other NI treatments and were the shortest in the NI-WB treatment. Flowering was seen in all treatments and was notably encouraged by NI with Fr light, regardless of the sequence of light quality applied. In NI-FrR and NI-RFr, high expressions of phyA, phyB, and cry1 were observed. Flower formation and plant morphogenesis were both impacted by the photoperiod. Both morphogenesis and flowering were strongly impacted by the second NIL, but the first NIL had no effects on either. These findings indicate that NI-RFr and NI-FrR improve flowering, which may be used for commercial DNP production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial LED Lighting for Indoor Farming)
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13 pages, 1729 KiB  
Article
Effects of Artificial Light Spectra and Sucrose on the Leaf Pigments, Growth, and Rooting of Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) Microshoots
by Yaser Hassan Dewir, Ali Mohsen Al-Ali, Hail Z. Rihan, Thobayet Alshahrani, Mona S. Alwahibi, Khalid F. Almutairi, Yougasphree Naidoo and Michael P. Fuller
Agronomy 2023, 13(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010089 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2109
Abstract
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are potential light sources for in vitro plant cultures. Here, axillary blackberry shoots were grown in MS medium with indole-3-butyric acid (1 mg L−1), naphthalene acetic acid (0.5 mg L−1), and sucrose supplementation (0–60 g [...] Read more.
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are potential light sources for in vitro plant cultures. Here, axillary blackberry shoots were grown in MS medium with indole-3-butyric acid (1 mg L−1), naphthalene acetic acid (0.5 mg L−1), and sucrose supplementation (0–60 g L−1) and the cultures were incubated under four light treatments: three LED light treatments (blue + red light (2:1 spectral ratio), blue + red light (1:2), and cool + warm white light (1:1)) and a standard florescent tube white spectrum treatment. Sucrose was indispensable for rooting of blackberry microshoots. Sucrose concentrations up to 45 g L−1 increased total root length and root surface area under all light treatments. However, at this sucrose concentration, leaf area and vegetative growth were negatively affected. Plantlets grown in media containing 15–30 g L−1 of sucrose exhibited the highest leaf pigments, shoot length, and number of leaves. LED treatments increased leaf pigments as compared with florescent treatment. Plantlets grown under blue + red light (2:1) had the highest stoma aperture length and width, whereas cool + warm white light resulted in the lowest values. Among the LED treatments, blue + red light (2:1) resulted in the highest leaf area, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and vegetative growth, whereas fluorescent resulted in the lowest values. A combination of blue and red light at a 2:1 spectral ratio with 30 g L−1 of sucrose is recommended for the optimal in vitro rooting and vegetative growth of blackberry microshoots. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial LED Lighting for Indoor Farming)
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