The Chemical Defenses of Crops against Insect Pests

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Farming Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2020) | Viewed by 19064

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Chemistry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
Interests: chemical defenses of maize against insect pests and the impact of abiotic stress on biotic stress responses

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite advances in breeding and technology, insect pests still have a major impact on global crop productivity, both through direct yield loss and increased production, health and environmental costs associated with insecticide use. Plants have many endogenous defenses to combat attacking insects, and several of these involve defensive chemicals. They can function in direct defense, e.g., toxic or deterrent chemicals and in indirect defense as chemicals that recruit parasites or predators to infested plants. Unfortunately, domestication, the use of monocultures, and the development of resistance in insect pests has depleted the chemical arsenal of many modern crops. A current challenge for agriculture, therefore, is to understand and enhance the chemical arsenal of crop plants to enable them to better fight their own battles. We have created a Special Issue focused on the chemical defenses of crops against insect pests in all their forms and invite you to submit your research and insight on this subject. Submissions on (but not limited to) the following topics are invited: (1) biosynthesis of chemical defenses against insects in crop plants; (2) identification or use of novel anti-insect compounds in crops; (3) the effectiveness of chemical defenses against different insect pests; (4) chemical defenses in multitrophic interactions; and (5) the ability of insects to detoxify or co-opt crop chemical defenses.

Dr. Anna Block
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Insects
  • Metabolites
  • Chemical ecology
  • Herbivore
  • Pest resistance.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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25 pages, 1998 KiB  
Review
Glucosinolate Biosynthesis and the Glucosinolate–Myrosinase System in Plant Defense
by Shweta Chhajed, Islam Mostafa, Yan He, Maged Abou-Hashem, Maher El-Domiaty and Sixue Chen
Agronomy 2020, 10(11), 1786; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111786 - 14 Nov 2020
Cited by 54 | Viewed by 9589
Abstract
Insect pests represent a major global challenge to important agricultural crops. Insecticides are often applied to combat such pests, but their use has caused additional challenges such as environmental contamination and human health issues. Over millions of years, plants have evolved natural defense [...] Read more.
Insect pests represent a major global challenge to important agricultural crops. Insecticides are often applied to combat such pests, but their use has caused additional challenges such as environmental contamination and human health issues. Over millions of years, plants have evolved natural defense mechanisms to overcome insect pests and pathogens. One such mechanism is the production of natural repellents or specialized metabolites like glucosinolates. There are three types of glucosinolates produced in the order Brassicales: aliphatic, indole, and benzenic glucosinolates. Upon insect herbivory, a “mustard oil bomb” consisting of glucosinolates and their hydrolyzing enzymes (myrosinases) is triggered to release toxic degradation products that act as insect deterrents. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of glucosinolate biosynthesis, the “mustard oil bomb”, and how these metabolites function in plant defense against pathogens and insects. Understanding these defense mechanisms will not only allow us to harness the benefits of this group of natural metabolites for enhancing pest control in Brassicales crops but also to transfer the “mustard oil bomb” to non-glucosinolate producing crops to boost their defense and thereby reduce the use of chemical pesticides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Chemical Defenses of Crops against Insect Pests)
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Other

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14 pages, 1242 KiB  
Perspective
Plant Defense Chemicals against Insect Pests
by Jessica P. Yactayo-Chang, Hoang V. Tang, Jorrel Mendoza, Shawn A. Christensen and Anna K. Block
Agronomy 2020, 10(8), 1156; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081156 - 8 Aug 2020
Cited by 53 | Viewed by 8937
Abstract
Insect pests cause significant global agricultural damage and lead to major financial and environmental costs. Crops contain intrinsic defenses to protect themselves from such pests, including a wide array of specialized secondary metabolite-based defense chemicals. These chemicals can be induced upon attack (phytoalexins) [...] Read more.
Insect pests cause significant global agricultural damage and lead to major financial and environmental costs. Crops contain intrinsic defenses to protect themselves from such pests, including a wide array of specialized secondary metabolite-based defense chemicals. These chemicals can be induced upon attack (phytoalexins) or are constitutive (phytoanticipins), and can have a direct impact on the pests or be used indirectly to attract their natural enemies. They form part of a global arms race between the crops and their insect pests, with the insects developing methods of suppression, avoidance, detoxification, or even capture of their hosts defensive chemicals. Harnessing and optimizing the chemical defense capabilities of crops has the potential to aid in the continuing struggle to enhance or improve agricultural pest management. Such strategies include breeding for the restoration of defense chemicals from ancestral varieties, or cross-species transfer of defense metabolite production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Chemical Defenses of Crops against Insect Pests)
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