Rho GTPases are a group of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins with a relative molecular weight of about 20–30 kD, and 22 different Rho GTPases have been identified in mammalian cells, among which RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 are the most wel...
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive-sense RNA virus, and its genome includes a highly conserved 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR). This region contains the so-called ‘leader sequence&r...
Background: Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE) is a non-exudative entity within the pachychoroid disease spectrum characterized by increased choroidal thickness and isolated serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED) without subretinal fluid....
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 10% of the population and is associated with a persistent, low-grade inflammatory state that accelerates tubulointerstitial fibrosis, worsens prognosis, and increases cardiovascular risk. This review aim...
Background/Objectives: Ischemic sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a devastating event that often occurs in apparently healthy individuals. Genetic susceptibility may play a key role in the pathogenesis of such ischemic events. This study aimed to investi...
Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) and poly-L-lysine (PLL) dendrimers have emerged as highly versatile macromolecular platforms with significant potential in biomedical applications, owing to their well-defined architecture, tunable surface chemistry, and capa...
Background: Dysregulated host response to infection plays vital roles in the high mortality rate of sepsis. Better understanding of the dysregulated host response is required for the improved management of sepsis. Methods: In this work, we conducted...
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is increasingly recognized as an important endogenous regulator of cell proliferation and migration, playing relevant roles in physiology and pathology. However, the potential and prominence of extracellular PA in controlling c...
Introduction: Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is characterized by a sustained elevation in eosinophil counts in the blood and subsequent eosinophil-mediated tissue or organ damage. While the aortic valve is recognized as a pivotal determinant of cen...
Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gout are both chronic inflammatory conditions. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between IBD and gout through shared inflammatory and metabolic pathways; however, epidemiological findings rem...
Background: Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a rare systemic autoimmune disease which presents with clinical features that overlap with at least two connective tissue disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosi...
Background: Abnormal activation of the NRF2-cGAS-STING-NF-κB pathway can trigger an inflammatory cascade in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Curcumin (CUR), a polyphenolic compound extracted from turmeric, possesses anti-inflammatory activity, but wh...
Background: Neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), bipolar disorder (BD), and depression exhibit shared glutamatergic abnormalities, although their upstream molecular mechanisms remain poorly defined. Magnesium (Mg2+) serv...
Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves chronic intestinal inflammation, epithelial barrier disruption, and dysbiosis, with environmental factors playing a significant role in its pathogenesis. Previous work revealed that cold exposure...
Objective: Endometrial cancer (EC) remains a significant clinical challenge, particularly for patients with advanced or recurrent disease. This study aims to investigate the effects of Sanguinarine Chloride (S.C), a natural benzophenanthridine alkalo...
Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by endothelial dysfunction leading to progressive vascular injury and fibrosis. While microvascular involvement is well established as an early disease feature, macrovascular disease has been hist...
Background/Objectives: Ofatumumab is a fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). While its efficacy and safety have been demonstrated in clinical trials, real-world data focusi...
Background: Dialysis patients have a very high burden of cardiovascular mortality, yet the contribution of specific serum electrolytes to sudden cardiac death (SCD) and cardiovascular death across haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) remai...
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a vital protective structure that prevents harmful substances in the blood from entering the central nervous system while maintaining homeostasis. Its dysfunction can lead to significant pathological changes and...
Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with high early mortality and long-term disability. Prognostic assessment relies mainly on neurological grading scales, which may incompletely capture the systemic metabolic response...
Background/Objectives: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children, with treatment limited by chemoresistance and therapy-related toxicity. Enhancing the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutics while reducing...
The introduction of modern anticancer therapies, including targeted therapies (TTs), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), has significantly improved survival across a wide range of malignancies. At the same...
Background/Objectives: Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is the sentinel implant-associated malignancy, illustrating how long-lived biomaterials can reshape local tissue–immune ecology. Although textured (high-...
Background/Objectives: We evaluated a 6-day repeated resveratrol exposure regimen in a three-dimensional (3D) culture model of human renal cell carcinoma (Caki-1) spheroids to examine phenotypic responses and changes in CIP2A abundance and epithelial...
Bile acids are widely distributed in the human gastrointestinal tract. A literature review indicates that bile acids may have a role in initiating cancers in every organ of the digestive system. The estimated number of new digestive system cancers wo...
Background/Objectives: Lipid metabolism is fundamental to energy homeostasis and cellular structural integrity, and its dysregulation is a hallmark of biological aging. While DNA methylation clocks are well-established, it remains unclear whether epi...
Recent advances in experimental model systems have improved our ability to study cardiovascular development, function, and disease with high spatial and temporal resolution. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a powerful vertebrate model for c...
Hypertension-induced renal injury is a major cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Increasing evidence indicates that disease progression is not driven solely by hemodynamic stress but results from the interplay of multiple mol...
Background/Objectives: Neuropsychological changes induced by cancer and its treatments, especially chemotherapy, represent a significant clinical challenge, being responsible for persistent cognitive deficits known as chemobrain. This study aimed to...
Background: Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is an FDA-approved biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. However, its predictive value varies among tumor types and molecular contexts. We investigated whether a very high TMB identifies a...
Background: Therapeutic resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) remains a critical barrier in HR+ breast cancer. While network-based approaches offer a route to identify salvage therapies, existing methods often rely on inconsistent centrality metr...
Background: Perineural invasion (PNI) is associated with aggressive tumor behavior in several malignancies, but its independent prognostic value in early-stage cervical cancer remains uncertain. We evaluated the clinical significance of PNI and explo...
Background/Objectives: The neuromorphological effects of prenatal administration of valproic acid (VPA) on the dopaminergic system has been studied by our groups for some time. Previously, we found a marked defasciculation of the mesotelencephalic pa...
Background/Objectives: Collagen hydrolysates are widely used as nutritional ingredients for skin and joint health; however, growing evidence indicates that collagen may also exert beneficial effects on cardiometabolic pathways. Short peptides have be...
Background: Tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM) is an autosomal dominant myopathy that results from gain-of-function mutations in the STIM1 and ORAI1 genes, which encode the two key proteins that coordinate store-operated Ca2+ entry in skeletal muscle a...
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has revolutionized the diagnosis and risk stratification of myocarditis. Beyond its capacity in detecting functional abnormalities, CMR is now capable of tissue characterization with high sensitivity and specificity,...
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) represent the most common category of congenital malformations and constitute a significant cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in prenatal imaging, such as fetal echocardiography, early detection...
Background: Fibromyalgia is a chronic disease that predominantly affects women and lasts over several months, causing problems both for individuals and society. While several studies have demonstrated the potential of electroacupuncture (EA) to allev...
Background/Objectives: The discovery of antimalarial compounds with novel mechanisms of action and distinct rates of kill (RoK) is essential to address emerging drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Natural product libraries represent a valuable...
Background/Objectives: Skin cancer is a very serious disease. There is a risk that the cancer will spread to other parts of the body as the cancerous tissue deepens. For this reason, early diagnosis is important because it allows for early initiation...
Background: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a genetic cardiac arrhythmia disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, characterized by ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads (V1–V3) on electrocardiograms (ECGs). This syndrome predo...
As a non-invasive, quantitative, and objective evaluation method, the analysis of bowel sounds has shown significant potential in clinical practice. In recent years, with the continuous advancement of signal processing techniques and analysis methods...
Background: There is currently increasing interest in atypical opioid compounds capable of expanding their clinical applications beyond pain management, including the treatment of psychiatric disorders and substance abuse. In this context, the cyclot...
Background: Finding dependable prognostic biomarkers for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is crucial. The albumin-to-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ratio (ACR), a measure of nutritional-inflammatory status and tumor load, has emerged as a promisin...
Background/Objectives: Sebaceous carcinomas (SebCAs) of the ocular adnexa, primarily arising from the Meibomian glands, are locally aggressive eyelid tumors with metastatic potential. Upregulation of the oncogene MYC has been demonstrated in SebCA, s...
Physical exercise is a potent non-pharmacological strategy for the prevention and management of Metabolic dysfunction—associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a multifactorial disorder characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation, insulin res...
The management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants remains a significant debate in neonatology. Interventions aimed at accelerating ductal closure, often using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen, are com...
Background: Inflammatory and metabolic risk factors are associated with adverse health outcomes among aging women. Physical activity may reduce these detrimental changes, helping to promote healthier aging. Methods: Seventy-nine non-obese women, aged...
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown origin, though recent evidence implicates viral pathogens in its pathogenesis. Given the central role of T cell receptors (TCRs) in antigen recognition and immune response, this st...
Background/Objectives: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) affects over 600,000 individuals worldwide each year, and its incidence continues to rise. There is a growing need for novel therapeutic strategies that achieve high antitumor effic...
