Next Article in Journal
Intelligent Reflecting-Surface-Aided Orbital Angular Momentum Divergence-Alleviated Wireless Communication Mechanism
Next Article in Special Issue
Forecasting-Aware Digital Twin Calibration for Reliable Multi-Horizon Traffic Prediction
Previous Article in Journal
A Game-Theoretic Analysis of Cooperation Among Autonomous Systems in Network Federations
Previous Article in Special Issue
Optimized Hybrid Ensemble Intrusion Detection for VANET-Based Autonomous Vehicle Security
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Network
Volume 5
Issue 4
10.3390/network5040047
network-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Adaptive Context-Aware VANET Routing Protocol for Intelligent Transportation Systems

by
Abdul Karim Kazi
1,
Muhammad Umer Farooq
1,
Raheela Asif
2 and
Saman Hina
3,*
1
Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
2
Department of Software Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
3
Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London SW7 2RH, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Network 2025, 5(4), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/network5040047
Submission received: 15 September 2025 / Revised: 19 October 2025 / Accepted: 22 October 2025 / Published: 27 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends and Applications in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) play a critical role in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), enabling communication between vehicles and roadside infrastructure. This paper proposes an Adaptive Context-Aware VANET Routing (ACAVR) protocol designed to handle the challenges of high mobility, dynamic topology, and variable vehicle density in urban environments. The proposed protocol integrates context-aware routing, dynamic clustering, and geographic forwarding to enhance performance under diverse traffic conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that ACAVR achieves higher throughput, improved packet delivery ratio, lower end-to-end delay, and reduced routing overhead compared to existing routing schemes. The proposed ACAVR outperforms benchmark protocols such as DyTE, RGoV, and CAEL, improving PDR by 12–18%, reducing delay by 10–15%, and increasing throughput by 15–22%.
Keywords: VANET; routing protocol; wireless communications; Ad-Hoc Networks; context-aware; ITS VANET; routing protocol; wireless communications; Ad-Hoc Networks; context-aware; ITS

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Kazi, A.K.; Farooq, M.U.; Asif, R.; Hina, S. Adaptive Context-Aware VANET Routing Protocol for Intelligent Transportation Systems. Network 2025, 5, 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/network5040047

AMA Style

Kazi AK, Farooq MU, Asif R, Hina S. Adaptive Context-Aware VANET Routing Protocol for Intelligent Transportation Systems. Network. 2025; 5(4):47. https://doi.org/10.3390/network5040047

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kazi, Abdul Karim, Muhammad Umer Farooq, Raheela Asif, and Saman Hina. 2025. "Adaptive Context-Aware VANET Routing Protocol for Intelligent Transportation Systems" Network 5, no. 4: 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/network5040047

APA Style

Kazi, A. K., Farooq, M. U., Asif, R., & Hina, S. (2025). Adaptive Context-Aware VANET Routing Protocol for Intelligent Transportation Systems. Network, 5(4), 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/network5040047

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop