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Designs
Volume 9
Issue 3
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Designs, Volume 9, Issue 3 (June 2025) – 2 articles

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23 pages, 4964 KiB  
Article
Artificial-Intelligence-Based Prediction of Crack and Shrinkage Intensity Factor in Clay Soils During Desiccation
by Abolfazl Baghbani, Tanveer Choudhury and Susanga Costa
Designs 2025, 9(3), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs9030054 (registering DOI) - 29 Apr 2025
Abstract
Desiccation-induced cracking in clay soils significantly affects the structural performance and durability of geotechnical systems. This study presents a data-driven approach to predict the Crack and Shrinkage Intensity Factor (CSIF), a comprehensive index quantifying both crack formation and shrinkage behavior in drying soils. [...] Read more.
Desiccation-induced cracking in clay soils significantly affects the structural performance and durability of geotechnical systems. This study presents a data-driven approach to predict the Crack and Shrinkage Intensity Factor (CSIF), a comprehensive index quantifying both crack formation and shrinkage behavior in drying soils. A database of 100 controlled desiccation tests was developed using five clay mixtures with varying plasticity indices, which were subjected to a range of drying rates, soil thicknesses and initial conditions. Four predictive models—Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Classification and Regression Random Forest (CRRF), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic Programming (GP)—were evaluated. The ANN model using Bayesian Regularization demonstrated superior performance (R = 0.99, MAE = 5.44), followed by CRRF and symbolic GP equations. Sensitivity analysis identified drying rate and soil thickness as the most influential parameters, while initial moisture content and ambient conditions were found to be redundant when the drying rate was included. This study not only advances the predictive modeling of desiccation cracking but also introduces interpretable equations for practical engineering uses. The developed models offer valuable tools for crack risk assessment in clay liners, soil covers and expansive soil foundations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches in Infrastructure Design, Resilience, and Maintenance)
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21 pages, 7921 KiB  
Article
Modeling and Research of the Process of Bench Tests of Plunger Hydraulic Cylinders with Energy Recovery
by Alexander Rybak, Besarion Meskhi, Dmitry Rudoy, Anastasiya Olshevskaya, Svetlana Teplyakova, Yuliya Serdyukova and Alexey Pelipenko
Designs 2025, 9(3), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs9030053 (registering DOI) - 29 Apr 2025
Abstract
The practice of operating hydraulic machines and equipment shows that failures can occur earlier than the specified lifespan. At the same time, at the stage of carrying out strength calculations of the designed machines and equipment, significant safety margins are incorporated into parts [...] Read more.
The practice of operating hydraulic machines and equipment shows that failures can occur earlier than the specified lifespan. At the same time, at the stage of carrying out strength calculations of the designed machines and equipment, significant safety margins are incorporated into parts and units. That is, calculated machine lifespans often exceed actual values. Accurate data require full-scale lifespan testing or observations of operation. However, resource tests are economically expensive, since they require a significant amount of energy, and, as a result, lead to a negative impact on the environment. It is possible to level out the listed shortcomings during resource tests by using energy-efficient and energy-saving technologies, such as energy recovery. This study enhances energy efficiency and assesses engineering systems during equipment design. In particular, we present a hydromechanical drive design for testing reciprocating hydraulic machines. The study analyzes energy-saving and energy recovery methods during operation. On the basis of the analysis and previously conducted studies, we developed a mathematical model for hydraulic equipment testing. The developed model is based on the volumetric stiffness theory, enabling analysis of the design and functional characteristics of test stand components on their dynamic behavior and energy efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Digital Manufacturing Technology)
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