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Volume 11
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10.3390/fishes11040229
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Article

The Potential Drug Target (Glycolysis Pathway) of the Spore Stage of the Pathogen Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in Shrimp Farming

by
Bo Zhu
1,
Juan Feng
2,
Dong Qian
1,
Ping Zhuang
1,
Changkao Mu
1,
Jiong Chen
1 and
Rongrong Ma
1,*
1
School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
2
Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Fishes 2026, 11(4), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes11040229
Submission received: 20 March 2026 / Revised: 9 April 2026 / Accepted: 11 April 2026 / Published: 15 April 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Immunology of Aquatic Animals)
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Abstract

Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a specialized parasitic microsporidian that causes significant economic losses to the shrimp farming industry. The glycolysis pathway plays an important role in the survival of EHP spores in vitro. In this study, key enzyme genes involved in the glycolysis pathway of EHP were analyzed, and purified spores were treated with KOH and a low temperature (−20 °C) to promote or inhibit germination. Quantitative analysis and enzyme activity of the initiating key gene hexokinase (HK) and the core link gene glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were conducted to explore the energy response characteristics of germinating spores. The results showed that HK and GAPDH genes had significant differences from the host, based on phylogenetic analysis. The expression of HK gene and enzyme activity increased after promoting germination treatment. The expression of the GAPDH gene was stable, but the activity of the GAPDH enzyme increased significantly after germination promotion. These findings indicate that the inhibition of the HK gene expression level and GAPDH protein level can block spore germination and invasion in vitro, which could be used as potential control targets for EHP.
Keywords: Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei; glycolysis; HK; GAPDH; shrimp Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei; glycolysis; HK; GAPDH; shrimp

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhu, B.; Feng, J.; Qian, D.; Zhuang, P.; Mu, C.; Chen, J.; Ma, R. The Potential Drug Target (Glycolysis Pathway) of the Spore Stage of the Pathogen Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in Shrimp Farming. Fishes 2026, 11, 229. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes11040229

AMA Style

Zhu B, Feng J, Qian D, Zhuang P, Mu C, Chen J, Ma R. The Potential Drug Target (Glycolysis Pathway) of the Spore Stage of the Pathogen Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in Shrimp Farming. Fishes. 2026; 11(4):229. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes11040229

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhu, Bo, Juan Feng, Dong Qian, Ping Zhuang, Changkao Mu, Jiong Chen, and Rongrong Ma. 2026. "The Potential Drug Target (Glycolysis Pathway) of the Spore Stage of the Pathogen Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in Shrimp Farming" Fishes 11, no. 4: 229. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes11040229

APA Style

Zhu, B., Feng, J., Qian, D., Zhuang, P., Mu, C., Chen, J., & Ma, R. (2026). The Potential Drug Target (Glycolysis Pathway) of the Spore Stage of the Pathogen Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in Shrimp Farming. Fishes, 11(4), 229. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes11040229

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