Magnetochemistry

25 pages, 8395 KB

Open AccessArticle

Construction of a Novel Nanoparticulate Drug Co-Delivery System for Two Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its In Vitro and In Vivo Quality Evaluation

by Siyu Wei, Gang Gui, Cancan Yuan, Ziqi Fan and Qin Xu

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030038 - 19 Mar 2026

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Abstract

Background: Co-delivery of two drugs with diverse physicochemical properties and a specific administration sequence holds great importance in cancer theranostics to overcome drug resistance and reduce side effects. Paclitaxel (PTX) and hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) have long been used clinically as chemotherapeutic agents for Nasopharyn-geal [...] Read more.

Background: Co-delivery of two drugs with diverse physicochemical properties and a specific administration sequence holds great importance in cancer theranostics to overcome drug resistance and reduce side effects. Paclitaxel (PTX) and hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) have long been used clinically as chemotherapeutic agents for Nasopharyn-geal carcinoma (NPC). However, their clinical application is severely restricted by low water solubility, poor stability, and systemic adverse reactions. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems provide a promising platform for combination cancer therapy. Methods: In this study, folic acid-modified and dual drug-loaded self-assembled HCPT/PTX@FA@p-PS-SPIONs were successfully fabricated via the emulsification–solvent evaporation method using amphiphilic phosphorylated polystyrene (p-PS). The characterization, cellular uptake, and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles of the nanoparticles in NPC models were systematically investigated. Result: HCPT/PTX@FA@p-PS-SPIONs were successfully prepared with p-PS as the copolymer backbone. The nanoparticles exhibited a uniform particle size of 196.9 ± 5.5 nm and a zeta potential of −7.3 ± 0.7 mV. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 81.4 ± 2.5% for PTX and 67.6 ± 4.1% for HCPT. The drug loading (DL) efficiency was 18.4 ± 1.5% for PTX and 12.2 ± 1.0% for HCPT. HCPT/PTX@FA@p-PS-SPIONs showed favorable biocompatibility. Sustained and sequential release of the two drugs contributed to an enhanced therapeutic effect. Moreover, under magnetic field (MF) guidance, HCPT/PTX@FA@p-PS-SPIONs exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on NPC cells than single-drug, cocktail, or dual-drug groups, demonstrating the superiority of the combined therapy. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats revealed that the half-lives of PTX and HCPT were 3.9 ± 1.2 h and 4.7 ± 1.1 h, respectively, confirming that HCPT/PTX@FA@p-PS-SPIONs could resist rapid metabolism and clearance in vivo. Conclusions: The long-circulating, folic acid-targeted nanoparticles HCPT/PTX@FA@p-PS-SPIONs show great potential for the targeted therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications)

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33 pages, 4847 KB

Open AccessArticle

Machine Learning-Guided Design and Performance Prediction of Multidimensional Magnetic MXene-Based Nanocomposites for High-Efficiency Microwave Absorption

by Tiancai Zhang, Yi Yang and Tao Hong

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030037 - 11 Mar 2026

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 957

Abstract

MXene-based microwave absorbers have received extensive attention owing to their high electrical conductivity, abundant interfacial polarization sites, and tunable surface terminations. However, the structure–property relationship of MXene composites remains highly nonlinear, and the design of high-efficiency absorbers still relies heavily on trial-and-error experiments. [...] Read more.

MXene-based microwave absorbers have received extensive attention owing to their high electrical conductivity, abundant interfacial polarization sites, and tunable surface terminations. However, the structure–property relationship of MXene composites remains highly nonlinear, and the design of high-efficiency absorbers still relies heavily on trial-and-error experiments. Herein, multidimensional magnetic components, including zero-dimensional (0D) Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, one-dimensional (1D) Fe₃O₄/Co₃O₄ nanowires, and two-dimensional (2D) Fe₃O₄-based heterostructures, were rationally integrated with Fe/MXene and Fe/Co/MXene nanosheets to engineer synergistic dielectric and magnetic losses. Comprehensive electromagnetic characterization and loss mechanism analysis reveal that the structural dimensionality strongly impacts impedance matching and attenuation capability. To further enable predictive and data-driven optimization, a machine learning framework was established to correlate the microstructure, component ratio, thickness, and electromagnetic parameters with the microwave absorption performance (e.g., minimum reflection loss (RL_min), effective absorption bandwidth (EAB)). The optimized multidimensional composite achieves an RL_min of −56.4 dB at 10.2 GHz with an EAB of 8.4 GHz (9.6–18.0 GHz) at a thin matching thickness of 1.8 mm. The machine learning model demonstrates excellent accuracy (R² = 0.947) and enables the inverse design of absorber geometries to target specific operational frequencies. This work provides a generalizable paradigm for the intelligent design of MXene-based microwave absorbers and opens up broader opportunities for the AI-accelerated discovery of advanced electromagnetic functional materials. Full article

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9 pages, 2225 KB

Open AccessArticle

Improved Magnetic Performance of Near-Stoichiometric Pr-Fe-B Alloys with Hf Addition

by Sajjad Ur Rehman, Zhitao Wang, Ronghai Yu, Qiulan Tan and Munan Yang

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030036 - 10 Mar 2026

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Abstract

This manuscript reports the influence of Hf substitution for Fe on the magnetic properties and microstructure of near-stoichiometric Pr-Fe-B alloys. Melt-spun ribbons with nominal compositions of Pr_26.7Fe_72.3B₁, Pr_26.7Fe_71.8Hf_0.5B₁, and [...] Read more.

This manuscript reports the influence of Hf substitution for Fe on the magnetic properties and microstructure of near-stoichiometric Pr-Fe-B alloys. Melt-spun ribbons with nominal compositions of Pr_26.7Fe_72.3B₁, Pr_26.7Fe_71.8Hf_0.5B₁, and Pr_26.7Fe_71.3Hf₁B₁ (wt%) are synthesized with optimized wheel speed. Transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals that Hf addition effectively refines the grain structure in terms of grain size. Magnetic characterization at 300 K demonstrates that the partial Hf addition significantly enhances the hard magnetic performance. The pristine alloy (Pr_26.7Fe_72.3B₁) exhibits an intrinsic coercivity (H_cj) of 11.95 kOe, a remanence (B_r) of 8.23 kG, and a maximum energy product ((BH)_max) of 12.6 MGOe. With 0.5% Hf addition, the properties improve to H_cj of 11.47 kOe, B_r of 8.5 kG, and (BH)_max of 15.33 MGOe. A further increase to 1.0% Hf leads to a slight reduction in properties, with H_cj of 11.66 kOe, B_r of 8.37 kG, and (BH)_max of 13.32 MGOe, though they remain superior to the pristine alloy. Furthermore, Hf addition improves the high-temperature magnetic stability. The results indicate that optimal Hf addition is a promising strategy for enhancing the magnetic properties of near-stoichiometric Pr-Fe-B ribbons through microstructural refinement and reducing the volume fraction of the soft magnetic phase. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Rare-Earth Permanent Magnets)

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13 pages, 2431 KB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetocaloric Effect of Composite Magnetic Filaments for 3D Printing

by Razvan Hirian, Roxana Dudric, Rareș Bortnic, Florin Popa, Lucian Barbu-Tudoran, Teodora Radu, Fran Nekvapil, Ioan Botiz and Raluca Lucacel-Ciceo

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030035 - 7 Mar 2026

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Abstract

In this work, La_0.70Ca_0.25Sr_0.05MnO₃ perovskite nanoparticles were produced in large amounts (in a single batch) and were embedded into filaments for 3D printing alongside carbon fibers. The produced materials showed room-temperature magnetocaloric effects proportional to the [...] Read more.

In this work, La_0.70Ca_0.25Sr_0.05MnO₃ perovskite nanoparticles were produced in large amounts (in a single batch) and were embedded into filaments for 3D printing alongside carbon fibers. The produced materials showed room-temperature magnetocaloric effects proportional to the quantity of encapsulated nanoparticles. Moreover, the thermal properties of 3D-printed pellets (produced using the composite filaments) were also analyzed and compared to standard filaments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance of Magnetocaloric Effect and Materials)

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25 pages, 6554 KB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization of Weak Magnetic Internal Detection Signals of Hard Spot Defects in Long-Distance Oil and Gas Pipelines

by Jiawen Zhang, Chisen Qin, Nan Liu, Zheng Lian, Guangwen Sun, Bin Liu and Lijian Yang

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030034 - 5 Mar 2026

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Abstract

A hard spot defect refers to structural defects that occur in long-distance oil and gas pipelines during the thermal processes. These defects arise from the combination of material phase changes and stress concentration, making them challenging to detect. Weak magnetic detection technology is [...] Read more.

A hard spot defect refers to structural defects that occur in long-distance oil and gas pipelines during the thermal processes. These defects arise from the combination of material phase changes and stress concentration, making them challenging to detect. Weak magnetic detection technology is an effective approach for identifying microscopic phase transformations and stress concentrations in materials. This study develops an ontological model linking hardness, stress, and magnetic signals at hard spots, and both simulations and real experiments are conducted to validate the model. The findings indicate a strong correlation between the model and experimental observations. The research also examined how hardness and defect shape influence magnetic signals and revealed that both the tangential and normal components of the weak magnetic signal at hard spots increase with higher hardness levels. Additionally, the peak value of the defect rises with an increasing depth-to-width ratio, and the difference between the center and peak values grows. According to the linear variation in the current constitutive model, the magnetic signal amplitude increases by approximately 35% for every 0.8% rise in hardness, with growth rates of 0.23% and 0.26% for the amplitude at the center and peak endpoint of the tangential magnetic signal, respectively. The hard spot shape parameter, H_d, is derived from the spacing of the tangential and normal peak-to-peak values, which indicates the size of the hard spot and increases consistently with the depth-to-radius ratio. Full article

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12 pages, 3286 KB

Open AccessArticle

Long-Range Interaction and Magnetic Anisotropy of [(CoP)_hard/(NiP)_am/(CoP)_am/(NiP)_am]_n Superlattices

by Gennadiy S. Patrin, Vitaliy A. Orlov, Yaroslav G. Shiyan and Aleksandr V. Kobyakov

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030033 - 5 Mar 2026

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Abstract

We present a study of [(CoP)_soft/(NiP)_am/(CoP)_hard/(NiP)_am]_n (n ≤ 20) magnetic superlattices (t_CoP = 5 nm, t_NiP = 4 nm) synthesized via chemical bath deposition (CBD). Atomic force microscopy reveals that [...] Read more.

We present a study of [(CoP)_soft/(NiP)_am/(CoP)_hard/(NiP)_am]_n (n ≤ 20) magnetic superlattices (t_CoP = 5 nm, t_NiP = 4 nm) synthesized via chemical bath deposition (CBD). Atomic force microscopy reveals that the soft magnetic layer is fine-grained (amorphous), whereas the hard magnetic layer exhibits a polycrystalline hexagonal structure. The results demonstrate a long-range interlayer interaction whose magnitude depends on the number of blocks (n). This interaction manifests as multiple resonance peaks in the magnetic resonance spectra: three peaks were observed for structures with n = 5, 10, and 15, while two peaks were identified for n = 20. Temperature dependencies of the interlayer interaction fields were obtained: the interaction between the nearest magnetically hard and soft layers is negative (H_J1 < 0), while the interaction between the soft layers (H_J2) undergoes a sign reversal from positive to negative with increasing temperature at a threshold temperature depending on n. The oscillations of the magnetization saturation field correlate with the magnetic anisotropy fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Magnetochemistry: Past, Present and Future)

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13 pages, 1312 KB

Open AccessArticle

The First ¹H NMR Total Assignment and a Quantum-Mechanically Driven Full Spin Analysis of the Steroid Hormone Equilenin

by Vidak Raičević, Niko S. Radulović, Katarina Urumović, Nebojša Kladar and Branislava Srđenović Čonić

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030032 - 5 Mar 2026

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Abstract

Equilenin is an equine estrogen constituting the basis of a highly-prescribed pharmaceutical preparation. Although routine ¹H and ¹³C NMR data for it have been reported, complete assignments and a full analysis of the proton spin system have not been established. In [...] Read more.

Equilenin is an equine estrogen constituting the basis of a highly-prescribed pharmaceutical preparation. Although routine ¹H and ¹³C NMR data for it have been reported, complete assignments and a full analysis of the proton spin system have not been established. In the present study, equilenin was examined by solution NMR in deuterochloroform, employing conventional spectral analysis in conjunction with quantum-mechanical techniques to achieve a ¹H iterative full spin analysis (HiFSA). The resulting model reproduces the experimental spectrum with high fidelity and permits the determination of true chemical shifts and scalar coupling constants for this complex spin system. In addition, the ¹³C NMR spectrum was fully assigned using a combination of one- and two-dimensional experiments. The obtained data constitute a robust spectroscopic reference set for equilenin and the analytical value of the Cosmic Truth software for resolving spin systems in steroids. The results provide a valuable source of data for researchers seeking to implement NMR-based assays relevant to analytical, regulatory, and forensic applications. Full article

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24 pages, 3648 KB

Open AccessArticle

Ferrofluids Based on Anionic Polysaccharide-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Targeted Magnetocatalytic-Driven Multimodal Anticancer Therapy

by Liliane A. S. Angelo, Alexandra A. P. Mansur, Sandhra M. Carvalho, Klaus Krambrock, Isadora C. Carvalho and Herman S. Mansur

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030031 - 3 Mar 2026

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Abstract

Regrettably, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains the deadliest form of brain cancer, with a very unfavorable prognosis for life expectancy for the patient. We report, for the first time, the green colloidal synthesis of cobalt-doped magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Co-MNPs) as aqueous ferrofluids, using [...] Read more.

Regrettably, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains the deadliest form of brain cancer, with a very unfavorable prognosis for life expectancy for the patient. We report, for the first time, the green colloidal synthesis of cobalt-doped magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Co-MNPs) as aqueous ferrofluids, using two anionic polysaccharide biopolymers, hyaluronic acid (HA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), as surfactants. These ferrofluids based on magnetite nanoparticles (HA@Co-MNP and CMC@Co-MNP) demonstrated superparamagnetic properties and magnetic-to-thermal conversion upon exposure to an alternating magnetic field (AMF), with the extent of conversion dependent on surfactant type. In addition, the ferrophase acted as a nanozyme, mimicking peroxidase-like activity in response to hydrogen peroxide, which is present at higher levels in tumor cells. The coupling of magnetic-heat capabilities with biocatalytic behavior enhances glioblastoma cell elimination and suppresses 3D neurospheroid growth. The results also showed that active targeting based on the HA biopolymer shell, due to its affinity for CD44 membrane receptors overexpressed in GBM, outperformed CMC-coated ferrofluid analogs. These magnetocatalytic-responsive nanoplatforms offer a broad avenue for the diagnosis and therapy of numerous cancers, potentially improving patients’ quality of life and prognoses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Nano- and Microparticles in Biotechnology)

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22 pages, 2185 KB

Open AccessArticle

Engineering Cobalt Ferrite Nanofilms for Magnetically Assisted Oxygen Evolution: Interplay of Doping, Nanostructure, and Electrode Magnetism

by Viviana B. Daboin, Julieta S. Riva and Paula G. Bercoff

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030030 - 2 Mar 2026

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Abstract

Magnetic-field-assisted electrocatalysis offers a powerful route to enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by coupling spin-dependent effects with magnetohydrodynamic phenomena. Here, we present a unified study of cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄)-based nanofilms, elucidating the combined roles of rare-earth doping, nanoparticle [...] Read more.

Magnetic-field-assisted electrocatalysis offers a powerful route to enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by coupling spin-dependent effects with magnetohydrodynamic phenomena. Here, we present a unified study of cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄)-based nanofilms, elucidating the combined roles of rare-earth doping, nanoparticle size, film morphology, and electrode substrate magnetism on OER performance under external magnetic fields. The effect of UV-light irradiation is also investigated. CoFe₂O₄ and yttrium-doped CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized via thermal decomposition and self-combustion routes, yielding single-domain particles with distinct structural and magnetic properties, and assembled into homogeneous nanofilms using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. Electrocatalytic measurements in alkaline media reveal that intrinsic OER activity is primarily governed by film compactness and charge-transfer efficiency, while the magnitude of magnetic-field-induced enhancement depends on the magnetic response of both the nanofilms and the supporting electrode. Ferromagnetic substrates promote enhanced catalytic activity under magnetic fields, whereas diamagnetic substrates can exhibit suppressed performance. Across all systems, the strongest enhancement is observed when the magnetic field is applied parallel to the electrode surface, reflecting the combined effects of spin polarization and Lorentz-force-driven mass transport. UV-light irradiation is also evaluated as an external stimulus to promote the reaction. Our findings establish a comprehensive framework for designing magnetically assisted OER electrocatalysts and demonstrate that magnetic-field effects can rival or complement rare-earth doping or UV-light irradiation, offering a sustainable pathway toward high-efficiency water oxidation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Magnetic Field Effect on Catalysts)

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17 pages, 3195 KB

Open AccessArticle

Nonequilibrium Magnetothermal Effects in Anisotropic 3d-Metal Complexes with Arbitrary Spins

by Andrew Palii, Valeria Belonovich and Boris Tsukerblat

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030029 - 2 Mar 2026

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Abstract

In this article, we extend the recently proposed theoretical framework for nonequilibrium magnetothermal effects induced by a sudden magnetic field quenching to anisotropic 3d-metal complexes with arbitrary spins. The formalism is applicable not only to the case of complete magnetic field switching off, [...] Read more.

In this article, we extend the recently proposed theoretical framework for nonequilibrium magnetothermal effects induced by a sudden magnetic field quenching to anisotropic 3d-metal complexes with arbitrary spins. The formalism is applicable not only to the case of complete magnetic field switching off, but also to the case of partial field quenching. A simple and universal semiquantitative rule is formulated, which allows for the prediction of the sign of a thermal effect (that means heat absorption or heat release) from the magnetic field dependencies of the spin energy levels. In many specific cases, this rule can be used to predict the sign of the magnetothermal effect prior to calculations, based on an analysis of the field dependencies of the spin levels of the complexes under study. According to this rule, each excited state contributes to cooling or heating depending on whether it becomes destabilized or stabilized as the field decreases. The performed numerical analysis of the specific heat release, as a function of temperature and initial and final magnetic fields for complexes with spins S = 1, 3/2, 2, and 5/2, demonstrates that systems with easy-axis magnetic anisotropy (D < 0) exhibit heat absorption in cases of complete and incomplete field quenching, with the effect being strongly enhanced in the latter case. In contrast, in complexes with easy-plane-type anisotropy (D > 0), the sign of the thermal effect is shown to be dependent on the temperature, the initial and final values of the magnetic field, and also on whether the spin of the complex is integer or half-integer. These results provide clear and practical guidelines for the design of low-temperature molecular magnetic refrigerants operating in fast field-quenching regimes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Magnetochemistry: Past, Present and Future)

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13 pages, 1692 KB

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The Topological Properties of the Non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger Model Incorporating Long-Range Hopping and Spin–Orbit Coupling

by Yanzhen Han, Shiyao Chong, Jingjing Du, Xiaolan Liu, Haili Guo, Ruikai Wang and Mingyue Hui

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030028 - 24 Feb 2026

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Abstract

Long-range hopping plays a crucial regulatory role in non-Hermitian topological systems. This paper systematically studies a non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model that incorporates both long-range hopping and spin–orbit coupling (SOC) within the framework of the generalized Brillouin zone (GBZ). We reveal that long-range hopping [...] Read more.

Long-range hopping plays a crucial regulatory role in non-Hermitian topological systems. This paper systematically studies a non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model that incorporates both long-range hopping and spin–orbit coupling (SOC) within the framework of the generalized Brillouin zone (GBZ). We reveal that long-range hopping can not only actively suppress the non-Hermitian skin effect, but can also cooperate with SOC to jointly modulate the stability regions of topological phases. SOC controls topological transitions through real or imaginary coupling properties and enhances the robustness of edge states. By constructing the GBZ and establishing the non-Bloch bulk–boundary correspondence, we demonstrate that the topological zero modes are entirely determined by the non-Bloch winding number. This study clarifies the key role of long-range hopping as a core regulatory parameter and provides a new paradigm for achieving the synergistic control of topological states and localized properties in non-Hermitian systems through designed couplings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Spin Crossover and Spintronics)

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Magnetochemistry, Volume 12, Issue 3 (March 2026) – 11 articles

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