Relationship between Acceptance of Insects as an Alternative to Meat and Willingness to Consume Insect-Based Food—A Study on a Representative Sample of the Polish Population
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Questionnaires and Scales
2.2.1. Attitude to Adopting Insects as a Meat Substitute (MS)
2.2.2. Acceptance of Food with Insect-Derived Ingredients (EA)
2.2.3. Familiarity with Insect Consumption (Fam)
2.2.4. Attitudes towards Health Characteristics of Food (FHealth)
2.2.5. Convenience Orientation in Relation to Food (FConv)
2.2.6. Consumers’ Attention to the Environmental (FEnv) Impact of Their Food Choices
2.2.7. Food Neophobia (FN)
2.2.8. General Neophobia (GN)
2.2.9. Disgust Sensitivity (DS)
2.2.10. Variety Seeking (VS)
2.2.11. Experience with Traveling for Business (TravB) and for Pleasure (TravP)
2.2.12. Socio-Demographic Characteristics
2.3. Statistical Modeling
2.3.1. Descriptive Analyses
2.3.2. Binary Logistic Regression
2.3.3. Multiple Regression
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Insects as a Meat Substitute-Binary Logistic Regression Results
3.3. Acceptance of Food with Insect-Derived Ingredients-Multiple Regression Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Label | Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|
Dependent variables | ||
Attitude to adopt insects as a meat substitute (1 = no, 2 = yes) | MS | 1.23 (0.42) |
Acceptance of food with insect-derived ingredients (min = 1, max = 7) | EA | 3.57 (1.16) |
Explanatory variables | ||
Familiarity with insect consumption (min = 4, max = 12) | Fam | 5.20 (1.2) |
Attitude towards the health characteristics of food (min = 3, max = 21) | FHealth | 14.66 (3.66) |
Convenience orientation in relation to food (min = 1, max = 7) | FConv | 3.21 (1.74) |
Attention to the environmental impact of food choices (min = 3, max = 21) | FEnv | 13.57 (4.06) |
Food neophobia (min = 10, max = 68) | FN | 34.22 (9.41) |
General neophobia (min = 8, max = 56) | GN | 30.75 (9.35) |
Disgust Sensitivity (min = 2, max = 24) | DS | 12.72 (2.99) |
Variety-Seeking (min = 8, max = 56) | VS | 38.54 (7.95) |
Travelling frequency—business (min = 1, max = 6) | TravB | 1.67 (1.08) |
Travelling frequency—pleasure (min = 1, max = 6) | TravP | 2.21 (1.11) |
Gender (1 = female, 2 = male) | Gender | 1.45 (0.50) |
Age (years) | Age | 43.94 (15.15) |
Diet (1 = vegetarian, 2 = vegan, 3 = none) | Diet | 2.79 (0.60) |
Education (1 = primary or secondary, 2 = higher) | Edu | 1.44 (0.49) |
Place of residence (1–4) | Place | 2.09 (1.03) |
EA | Fam | FHealth | FConv | FEnv | FN | GN | DS | VS | TravB | TravP | Age | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EA | 1 | |||||||||||
Fam | −0.017 | 1 | ||||||||||
FHealth | −0.017 | −0.034 | 1 | |||||||||
FConv | −0.019 | 0.160 ** | −0.182 ** | 1 | ||||||||
FEnv | −0.005 | 0.035 | 0.748 ** | −0.094 ** | 1 | |||||||
FN | −0.362 ** | 0.016 | −0.006 | −0.010 | −0.029 | 1 | ||||||
GN | −0.162 ** | 0.023 | −0.014 | −0.018 | −0.019 | 0.390 ** | 1 | |||||
DS | −0.066 * | −0.010 | 0.019 | 0.035 | −0.018 | 0.020 | 0.123 ** | 1 | ||||
VS | 0.328 ** | 0.008 | 0.026 | −0.006 | 0.046 | −0.735 ** | −0.248 ** | 0.001 | 1 | |||
TravB | 0.028 | 0.261 ** | 0.081 ** | 0.211 ** | 0.120 ** | −0.012 | −0.012 | −0.001 | 0.020 | 1 | ||
TravP | 0.014 | 0.201 ** | 0.116 ** | 0.093 ** | 0.137 ** | −0.016 | −0.002 | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.532 ** | 1 | |
Age | 0.014 | −0.046 | 0.098 ** | −0.159 ** | 0.106 ** | −0.068 * | −0.016 | −0.008 | 0.050 | −0.174 ** | −0.114 ** | 1 |
Wald Test | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate | Standard Error | Odds Ratio | z | Wald Statistic | df | p | |
(Intercept) | −5.663 | 1.103 | 0.003 | −5.135 | 26.367 | 1 | <0.001 |
FEnv | 0.119 | 0.031 | 1.127 | 3.819 | 14.583 | 1 | <0.001 |
Fam | 0.272 | 0.061 | 1.313 | 4.434 | 19.661 | 1 | <0.001 |
FConv | 0.107 | 0.044 | 1.112 | 2.415 | 5.831 | 1 | 0.016 |
FN | 0.019 | 0.013 | 1.019 | 1.543 | 2.381 | 1 | 0.123 |
FHealth | −0.030 | 0.034 | 0.970 | −0.880 | 0.775 | 1 | 0.379 |
GN | 0.000 | 0.009 | 1.000 | 0.027 | 7.365 × 10−4 | 1 | 0.978 |
VS | 0.015 | 0.014 | 1.015 | 1.052 | 1.107 | 1 | 0.293 |
DS | 0.016 | 0.025 | 1.016 | 0.627 | 0.394 | 1 | 0.530 |
gender (2) | 0.579 | 0.156 | 1.784 | 3.703 | 13.713 | 1 | <0.001 |
edu_rek (2) | 0.030 | 0.153 | 1.030 | 0.194 | 0.038 | 1 | 0.846 |
diet (2) | 0.673 | 0.424 | 1.960 | 1.587 | 2.518 | 1 | 0.113 |
diet (3) | −0.382 | 0.246 | 0.682 | −1.552 | 2.410 | 1 | 0.121 |
Model | Unstandardized | Standard Error | Standardized | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H0 | (Intercet) | 3.575 | 0.035 | 103.242 | <0.001 | |
H1 | (Intercet) | 4.378 | 0.459 | 9.537 | <0.001 | |
FN | −0.032 | 0.005 | −0.258 | −5.895 | <0.001 | |
VS | 0.021 | 0.006 | 0.141 | 3.379 | <0.001 | |
DS | −0.026 | 0.011 | −0.066 | −2.356 | 0.019 | |
FHealth | −0.005 | 0.013 | −0.016 | −0.387 | 0.699 | |
FEnv | 0.001 | 0.012 | 0.005 | 0.111 | 0.912 | |
Fam | −0.026 | 0.026 | −0.027 | −0.973 | 0.331 | |
FConv | 0.012 | 0.019 | 0.019 | 0.648 | 0.517 | |
age | −0.001 | 0.002 | −0.017 | −0.619 | 0.536 | |
GN | 5.285 × 10−4 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.139 | 0.890 |
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Modlinska, K.; Adamczyk, D.; Maison, D.; Goncikowska, K.; Pisula, W. Relationship between Acceptance of Insects as an Alternative to Meat and Willingness to Consume Insect-Based Food—A Study on a Representative Sample of the Polish Population. Foods 2021, 10, 2420. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102420
Modlinska K, Adamczyk D, Maison D, Goncikowska K, Pisula W. Relationship between Acceptance of Insects as an Alternative to Meat and Willingness to Consume Insect-Based Food—A Study on a Representative Sample of the Polish Population. Foods. 2021; 10(10):2420. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102420
Chicago/Turabian StyleModlinska, Klaudia, Dominika Adamczyk, Dominika Maison, Katarzyna Goncikowska, and Wojciech Pisula. 2021. "Relationship between Acceptance of Insects as an Alternative to Meat and Willingness to Consume Insect-Based Food—A Study on a Representative Sample of the Polish Population" Foods 10, no. 10: 2420. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102420