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Article

Cluster Analysis: A New Approach for Identification of Underlying Risk Factors and Demographic Features of First Trimester Pregnancy Women

by
Anna Karen Gárate-Escamilla
1,*,
Edelmiro Garza-Padilla
2,
Agustín Carvajal Rivera
2,
Celina Salas-Castro
2,
Emmanuel Andrès
3 and
Amir Hajjam El Hassani
1
1
NIT Lab, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, UTBM, F-90010 Belfort, France
2
Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Monterrey 64700, Mexico
3
Service de Médecine Interne, Diabète et Maladies Métaboliques de la Clinique Médicale B, CHRU de Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(7), 2247; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072247
Submission received: 12 June 2020 / Revised: 10 July 2020 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 / Published: 15 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Endocrinology & Metabolism)
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Abstract

Thyroid pathology is reported internationally in 5–10% of all pregnancies. The overall aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism and risk factors during the first trimester screening in a Mexican patients sample. We included the records of 306 patients who attended a prenatal control consultation between January 2016 and December 2017 at the Women’s Institute in Monterrey, Mexico. The studied sample had homogeneous demographic characteristics in terms of age, weight, height, BMI (body mass index) and number of pregnancies. The presence of at least one of the risk factors for thyroid disease was observed in 39.2% of the sample. Two and three clusters were identified, in which patients varied considerably among risk factors, symptoms and pregnancy complications. Compared to Cluster 0, one or more symptoms or signs of hypothyroidism occurred, while Cluster 1 was characterized by healthier patients. When three clusters were used, Cluster 2 had a higher TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) value and pregnancy complications. There were no significant differences in perinatal variables. In addition, high TSH levels in first trimester pregnancy are characterized by pregnancy complications and decreased newborn weight. Our findings underline the high degree of disease heterogeneity with existing pregnant hypothyroid patients and the need to improve the phenotyping of the syndrome in the Mexican population.
Keywords: thyroid pathology; k-means; first trimester pregnancy; pregnancy complications; pregnancy risk factors thyroid pathology; k-means; first trimester pregnancy; pregnancy complications; pregnancy risk factors

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gárate-Escamilla, A.K.; Garza-Padilla, E.; Carvajal Rivera, A.; Salas-Castro, C.; Andrès, E.; Hajjam El Hassani, A. Cluster Analysis: A New Approach for Identification of Underlying Risk Factors and Demographic Features of First Trimester Pregnancy Women. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 2247. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072247

AMA Style

Gárate-Escamilla AK, Garza-Padilla E, Carvajal Rivera A, Salas-Castro C, Andrès E, Hajjam El Hassani A. Cluster Analysis: A New Approach for Identification of Underlying Risk Factors and Demographic Features of First Trimester Pregnancy Women. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(7):2247. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072247

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gárate-Escamilla, Anna Karen, Edelmiro Garza-Padilla, Agustín Carvajal Rivera, Celina Salas-Castro, Emmanuel Andrès, and Amir Hajjam El Hassani. 2020. "Cluster Analysis: A New Approach for Identification of Underlying Risk Factors and Demographic Features of First Trimester Pregnancy Women" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 7: 2247. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072247

APA Style

Gárate-Escamilla, A. K., Garza-Padilla, E., Carvajal Rivera, A., Salas-Castro, C., Andrès, E., & Hajjam El Hassani, A. (2020). Cluster Analysis: A New Approach for Identification of Underlying Risk Factors and Demographic Features of First Trimester Pregnancy Women. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(7), 2247. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072247

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