Study on the Vaccination of the Population of Romania against Monkeypox in Terms of Medical Security
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Research Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measurements
2.4. Statistical Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Analysis of the Level of Acceptance of Vaccination as a Way to Prevent Viral Infections
3.2. Analysis of Monkeypox, the New Global Medical Emergency
3.3. Analysis of Reasons for Acceptance/Non-Acceptance of Monkeypox Vaccine Administration
3.4. Analysis of Participants’ Confidence in Monkeypox Information
4. Discussion
5. Research Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Required Data | Questions |
---|---|
Determining participants’ fears regarding monkeypox disease | Does participants’ fear of getting sick lead them to accept vaccination? |
The degree of acceptance of the participants for the anti-COVID-19 vaccination | Will people vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccines accept the monkeypox vaccination? |
Determining the degree of trust in “fake news” information | Will people who believe fake news reject the monkeypox vaccination? |
Age | Sex | Environment of Residence | Educational Level | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Females | Males | N. A. | Urban | Rural | Less than High School | High School or Equivalent | Bachelor’s Degree | Master’s Degree | Doctoral Degree | |||
N | % | N | % | N | ||||||||
18–20 | 31 | 3.7 | 42 | 5.1 | 0 | 41 | 32 | 1 | 27 | 45 | 0 | 0 |
21–25 | 98 | 11.9 | 92 | 11.2 | 4 | 116 | 78 | 0 | 39 | 124 | 31 | 0 |
26–30 | 44 | 5.3 | 38 | 4.6 | 2 | 57 | 27 | 0 | 13 | 41 | 28 | 2 |
31–35 | 56 | 6.8 | 44 | 5.3 | 2 | 76 | 26 | 1 | 18 | 37 | 42 | 4 |
36–40 | 47 | 5.7 | 41 | 5 | 1 | 73 | 16 | 2 | 20 | 33 | 27 | 7 |
41–45 | 37 | 4.5 | 34 | 4.1 | 0 | 51 | 20 | 0 | 17 | 28 | 21 | 5 |
46–50 | 32 | 3.9 | 32 | 3.9 | 50 | 14 | 0 | 9 | 27 | 22 | 6 | |
51–55 | 23 | 2.8 | 28 | 3.4 | 0 | 41 | 10 | 0 | 4 | 24 | 14 | 9 |
56–60 | 18 | 2.2 | 16 | 1.9 | 1 | 22 | 13 | 0 | 15 | 9 | 8 | 3 |
61–65 | 14 | 1.7 | 15 | 1.8 | 1 | 19 | 11 | 6 | 6 | 15 | 3 | 0 |
66+ | 12 | 1.4 | 14 | 1.7 | 1 | 19 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 12 | 4 | 3 |
Age Range | Were You Vaccinated as a Child with the Mandatory Vaccines? | Were You Vaccinated with the Optional Vaccines? | Were You Vaccinated against COVID-19? |
---|---|---|---|
Yes % | Yes % | Yes % | |
18–20 | 97.2 | 61.4 | 73.9 |
21–25 | 96.3 | 55.6 | 61.8 |
26–30 | 96.4 | 48.8 | 70.2 |
31–35 | 99 | 52.9 | 72.5 |
36–40 | 97.7 | 61.8 | 76.4 |
41–45 | 97.1 | 66.2 | 80.2 |
46–50 | 95.3 | 71.8 | 75 |
51–55 | 96.0 | 70.5 | 80.3 |
56–60 | 100 | 54.2 | 71.4 |
61–65 | 93.3 | 63.3 | 56.6 |
66+ | 100 | 40.7 | 44.4 |
Descriptive statistics | |||
Mean | 0.97 | 0.05 | 0.69 |
Standard Error | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 |
Median | 0.97 | 0.05 | 0.72 |
Standard Deviation | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.10 |
Sample Variance | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
Kurtosis | 0.01 | 3.49 | 1.57 |
Skewness | −0.18 | 1.41 | −1.37 |
Confidence Level (95.0%) | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.07 |
Age Range | Confidence in the Mandatory Vaccines Administered during Childhood | Confidence in Vaccines That Are Optionally Administered, Other Than Anti-COVID-19 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes % | Yes % | |||
18–20 | 91.7 | 86.3 | ||
21–25 | 86 | 77.3 | ||
26–30 | 89.2 | 65.4 | ||
31–35 | 90.2 | 75.4 | ||
36–40 | 91 | 75.2 | ||
41–45 | 94.3 | 80.2 | ||
46–50 | 95.3 | 81.2 | ||
51–55 | 94.1 | 70.5 | ||
56–60 | 97.1 | 82.8 | ||
61–65 | 70 | 56.6 | ||
66+ | 85.1 | 66.6 | ||
Descriptive statistics | Mean | 0.89 | Mean | 0.74 |
Standard Error | 0.02 | Standard Error | 0.02 | |
Median | 0.91 | Median | 0.75 | |
Standard Deviation | 0.07 | Standard Deviation | 0.08 | |
Sample Variance | 0 | Sample Variance | 0 | |
Kurtosis | 4.77 | Kurtosis | 0.04 | |
Skewness | −1.96 | Skewness | −0.7 | |
Confidence Level (95.0%) | 0.05 | Confidence Level (95.0%) | 0.05 |
Age Range | Do You Think Monkeypox Will Turn into a Pandemic? | Are You Afraid That You Will Get Monkeypox? | Would You Agree to Get Vaccinated against Monkeypox? |
---|---|---|---|
Yes % | Yes % | Yes % | |
18–20 | 26 | 20.5 | 38.3 |
21–25 | 34.5 | 26.2 | 29.9 |
26–30 | 30.9 | 34.5 | 22.6 |
31–35 | 22.5 | 28.4 | 32.3 |
36–40 | 16.8 | 21.3 | 34.8 |
41–45 | 16.9 | 22.5 | 32.3 |
46–50 | 12.5 | 32.8 | 34.3 |
51–55 | 5.8 | 29.4 | 29.4 |
56–60 | 17.1 | 25.7 | 40 |
61–65 | 10 | 30 | 13.3 |
66+ | 22.2 | 18.5 | 14.8 |
Descriptive statistics | |||
Mean | 0.19 | 0.26 | 0.29 |
Standard Error | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
Median | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.32 |
Standard Deviation | 0.087 | 0.05 | 0.08 |
Sample Variance | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Kurtosis | −0.52 | −1.10 | −0.18 |
Skewness | 0.22 | 0.02 | −0.90 |
Confidence Level (95.0%) | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.05 |
Arguments for Vaccination | N = 251 | % |
---|---|---|
To be safe/to be protected against disease | 56 | 22.3 |
For your own health | 55 | 21.9 |
Vaccine trust and science | 44 | 17.5 |
Fear of monkeypox | 28 | 11.1 |
Not to pass the disease to other people | 22 | 8.7 |
Trust in the medical system and doctors | 16 | 6.3 |
Other reasons | 20 | 7.9 |
Anti-Vaccination Arguments | N = 569 | % |
---|---|---|
Mistrust in the vaccine | 106 | 18.6 |
Possible side effects of the vaccine | 73 | 12.8 |
Reduced transmission of the disease | 49 | 8.6 |
The disease does not exist | 46 | 8 |
Insufficiently tested vaccine | 44 | 7.7 |
The vaccine is an experiment on humans | 33 | 5.7 |
Mistrust in vaccines as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic | 25 | 4.3 |
Lack of information from officials | 24 | 4.2 |
Few studies on the disease | 16 | 2.8 |
Other reasons or lack of response | 152 | 26.8 |
Fake News Allegations | Disagreement | Uncertain | Agreement | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
Q1 | Is monkeypox real? | 257 | 31.3 | 176 | 21.4 | 386 | 47.1 |
Q2 | Was there a worldwide occult that spread monkeypox which wants to depopulate the earth? | 494 | 60.3 | 135 | 18.4 | 190 | 23.2 |
Q3 | Did monkeypox emerge in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic to keep the world’s population in check through fear? | 457 | 55.8 | 125 | 15.2 | 237 | 28.9 |
Q4 | Are smallpox vaccines made to reduce the earth’s population, just like the talk of COVID-19 vaccines? | 518 | 63.2 | 118 | 14.4 | 183 | 22.3 |
Q5 | Are doctors paid to induce panic among the population? | 527 | 64.3 | 114 | 13.9 | 178 | 21.7 |
Q6 | Was monkeypox created because the population was not sufficiently reduced as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic? | 520 | 63.4 | 115 | 14.0 | 184 | 22.4 |
Q7 | Did monkeypox emerge in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic to keep the world’s population under control through fear? | 485 | 59.2 | 119 | 14.5 | 215 | 26.2 |
Q7 | Do you think it is true that unprotected sexual contact is at the origin of the spread of the monkeypox disease? | 442 | 53.9 | 201 | 24.5 | 176 | 21.4 |
Q8 | Do you think the statement which claims that the propagation of the monkeypox disease lies in unprotected sexual contact has the purpose of reducing the population of the planet? | 587 | 71.6 | 137 | 16.7 | 95 | 11.6 |
Q9 | Do you agree with the authorities’ point of view that pandemics are limited to human security issues? | 342 | 41.7 | 216 | 26.3 | 261 | 31.8 |
Q10 | Would you agree to accept the curtailment of some freedoms, in the short term, in order to take institutional measures to combat a possible monkeypox pandemic? | 441 | 53.8 | 130 | 15.8 | 248 | 30.2 |
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Peptan, C.; Băleanu, V.D.; Mărcău, F.C. Study on the Vaccination of the Population of Romania against Monkeypox in Terms of Medical Security. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1834. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111834
Peptan C, Băleanu VD, Mărcău FC. Study on the Vaccination of the Population of Romania against Monkeypox in Terms of Medical Security. Vaccines. 2022; 10(11):1834. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111834
Chicago/Turabian StylePeptan, Cătălin, Vlad Dumitru Băleanu, and Flavius Cristian Mărcău. 2022. "Study on the Vaccination of the Population of Romania against Monkeypox in Terms of Medical Security" Vaccines 10, no. 11: 1834. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111834