2018 December - 371 articles
Objective: To assess the association between the healthcare system’s efficiency and policy factors (the types of healthcare systems and various health policy indicators). Methods: In this study, a data envelopment analysis (DEA) with bootstrapp...
The next generation of aerial robots will be utilized extensively in real-world applications for different purposes: Delivery, entertainment, inspection, health and safety, photography, search and rescue operations, fire detection, and use in hazardo...
Models of particle density and of organic carbon and chlorophyll-a intraparticle concentration were applied to particle size distributions and particle real refractive index distributions determined from flow cytometry measurements of natural seawate...
Although the light fields and apparent optical properties (AOPs) within the ocean euphotic layer have been studied for many decades through extensive measurements and theoretical modeling, there is virtually a lack of simultaneous high spectral resol...
The remote sensing of chlorophyll a concentration from ocean color satellites has been an essential variable quantifying phytoplankton in the past decades, yet estimation of accessory pigments from ocean color remote sensing data has remained largely...
The latest model for light scattering by pure seawater was used to investigate the anomalous behavior of pure water. The results showed that water exhibits a minimum scattering at 24.6 °C, as compared to the previously reported values of minimum...
Over the near-ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectrum the reflectance from mineral compounds and vegetation is predominantly due to absorption and scattering in the bulk material. Except for a factor of scale, the radiative transfer mechanism is simila...
The vertical diffuse attenuation coefficient for downward plane irradiance (
Coral reefs are biologically diverse and economically important ecosystems that are on the decline worldwide in response to direct human impacts and climate change. Ocean color remote sensing has proven to be an important tool in coral reef research...
Measurements of optical properties have been used for decades to study particle distributions in the ocean. They are useful for estimating suspended mass concentration as well as particle-related properties such as size, composition, packing (particl...
There is increasing interdisciplinary interest in phytoplankton community dynamics as the growing environmental problems of water quality (particularly eutrophication) and climate change demand attention. This has led to a pressing need for improved...
A tutorial review is provided of forward and inverse radiative transfer in coupled atmosphere-snow/ice-water systems. The coupled system is assumed to consist of two adjacent horizontal slabs separated by an interface across which the refractive inde...
The light scattering properties of seawater play important roles in radiative transfer in the ocean and optically-based methods for characterizing marine suspended particles from in situ and remote sensing measurements. The recently commercialized LI...
An analytical radiative transfer (RT) model for remote sensing reflectance that includes the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is described. The model, called ZTT (Zaneveld-Twardowski-Tonizzo), is based on the restatement of the...
The upwelling spectral radiance distribution is polarized, and this polarization varies with the optical properties of the water body. Knowledge of the polarized, upwelling, bidirectional radiance distribution function (BRDF) is important for generat...
Shading and inter-reflections created by the three-dimensional coral canopy structure play an important role on benthic reflectance and its propagation above the water. Here, a plane parallel model was coupled with a three-dimensional radiative trans...
A Global Ocean Carbon Algorithm Database (GOCAD) has been developed from over 500 oceanographic field campaigns conducted worldwide over the past 30 years including in situ reflectances and coincident satellite imagery, multi- and hyperspectral Chrom...
The bulk backscattering ratio (
Natural organic matter (NOM) is a key parameter in aquatic biogeochemical processes. Part of the NOM pool exhibits optical properties, namely absorption and fluorescence. The latter is frequently utilized in laboratory measurements of its dissolved f...
The complete Stokes vector contains much more information than the radiance of light for the remote sensing of the ocean. Unlike the conventional radiance-only radiative transfer simulations, a full Mueller matrix-Stokes vector treatment provides a r...
The rapid transition towards an inverter-dominated power system has reduced the inertial response capability of modern power systems. As a solution, inverters are equipped with control strategies, which can emulate inertia by exchanging power with th...
Membrane filtration can provide a significant role in the management of waste streams from food manufacturing operations. The objective of this research was to evaluate the reductions in the organic content of waste streams accomplished when using me...
Wood is a porous material that can be impregnated and have enhanced properties. Two species of hardwood, red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), were impregnated in a reactor with a microencapsulated phase change material....
In this study, the influence of piano key vibration levels on players’ personal judgment of the instrument quality and on the dynamics and timing of the players’ performance of a music piece excerpt is examined. In an experiment four vibr...
The failure and residual strength after low-velocity impact of stitched composites are very important in their service and maintenance phases. In order to capture the failure and residual strength more accurately, a full-process numerical analyzing m...
An experimental method was developed and validated for the collection and analysis of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) that are present in electronic cigarette (EC) liquid or are released from aerosol samples using a liquid chromatography-tandem...
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has recently attracted a lot of interest in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry as a fast, contactless and non-destructive modality for quantifying thin film coatings on pharmaceutical dosage forms, which cann...
In order to systematically study the rutting resistance performance of High-Modulus Asphalt Concrete (HMAC) pavements, a finite element method model of HMAC pavement was established using ABAQUS software. Based on the viscoelasticity theory of asphal...
The biofilm mode of growth protects bacterial cells against currently applied disinfection methods for abiotic (food) contact surfaces. Therefore, innovative methods, such as Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP), should be investigated for biofilm inactivat...
In this work, the effects of electroplated Cu (EP Cu) and Cu addition (0.7%) in Sn solder on the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) growth and void formation were clarified by comparison with solder joints comprising of high purity Cu (HP Cu) substrate a...
The novel combustion concept Oxygen Carrier Aided Combustion (OCAC) is realized by addition of an active oxygen-carrying bed material to conventional fluidized bed boilers. The active bed material is meant to become reduced in fuel-rich parts of the...
In thermal friction drilling (TFD) operations, the geometrical dimensions of bushing shape, height and wall thickness are the most vital consequences, since these increase the connecting length and strength. In this paper, AA7075-T651 aluminum alloys...
Empirical systems for the classification of rock mass are used primarily for preliminary support design in tunneling. When applying the existing acceptable international systems for tunnel preliminary supports in high-stress environments, the tunneli...
The laminar forced convection has been investigated for the flow of nanofluids in conventional straight tube (L = 5.34 m, dt = 10 mm) and straight microtube (L = 0.3 m, dt = 0.5 mm) under the constant temperature and constant heat flux conditions, se...
Optimal design of wind turbine placement in a wind farm is one of the most effective tools to reduce wake power losses by alleviating the wake effect in the wind farm. In comparison to the discrete grid-based wind farm design method, the continuous c...
Composite materials have seen widespread use in the aerospace industry and are becoming increasingly popular in the automotive industry due to their high strength and low weight characteristics. The increasing usage of composite materials has resulte...
The adoption of machine learning and deep learning is on the rise in the cybersecurity domain where these AI methods help strengthen traditional system monitoring and threat detection solutions. However, adversaries too are becoming more effective in...
Recently, many studies have reported on image synthesis based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN). However, the use of GAN does not provide much attention on the signal classification problem. In the context of using wireless signals to classify...
This study describes the effects of palm oil biodiesel blended with diesel on the combustion performance, emission characteristics, and soot morphology in a 4-cylinder common-rail direct-injection (CRDI) diesel engine. The operational condition is id...
Laryngeal high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) allows objective quantification of vocal fold vibratory characteristics. However, it is unknown how the analyzed sequence length affects some of the computed parameters. To examine if varying sequence lengths...
The paper describes a numerical study of the combustion of hydrogen enriched methane and biogases containing hydrogen in a Controlled Auto Ignition engine (CAI). A single cylinder CAI engine is modelled with Chemkin to predict engine performance, com...
Recycled asphalt mixtures (RAM), which are prepared by blending reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), virgin bitumen and mineral additives, provide a variety of advantages, including resource recycling, reductions in costs, and reduced negative environme...
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) used in pharmaceutical treatments have been shown to effectively deliver a payload, such as an active pharmaceutical ingredient or image contrast agent, to targeted tissues in need of therapy or diagnostics while minimizing...
Damping Bragg scattering from the ocean surface is the basic underlying principle of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) oil slick detection, and they produce dark spots on SAR images. Dark spot detection is the first step in oil spill detection, which af...
In the aerospace manufacturing industry, it is impossible to achieve precise and efficient automatic drilling and riveting for largescale composite board parts. The bottleneck is that the depth detection of rivet holes still relies on manual operatio...
A terahertz metamaterial is presented and numerically investigated to achieve tunable electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for slow light. The unit cell consists of cut-wire pairs and U-shaped ring resonators with graphene strips placed bet...
Fringe projection technologies have been widely used for three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement. One of the critical issues is absolute phase recovery, especially for measuring multiple isolated objects. This paper proposes a method for absolute ph...
Recently, the number of alpine ski junior players in Japan has drastically decreased. The causes include a decrease in ski areas and instructors, along with difficulty of early childhood alpine ski guidance. The alpine ski competition is not simply a...
In this study, a new type of low-bandgap small molecule has been synthesized with a thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) derivative for application in bulk heterojunction (BJH) solar cells. The series of solar cells were fabricated by blending the TP...
Although some recent developments in nanotechnology made the prospects of a direct mechanical manipulation of micro- or nano-objects quite realistic, there are still several concerns and difficulties that affect such an endeavor. This is probably due...
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