Evaluation of Displacement Demands for Existing RC Buildings Using Spectral Reduction Based on Equivalent Viscous Damping

Cirak Karakas, Cigdem; Palanci, Mehmet; Senel, Sevket Murat

doi:10.3390/app16010345

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Displacement Demands for Existing RC Buildings Using Spectral Reduction Based on Equivalent Viscous Damping

by

Cigdem Cirak Karakas

^1,*,

Mehmet Palanci

²

and

Sevket Murat Senel

³

¹

Civil Engineering Department, Cankiri Karatekin University, Çankırı 18100, Türkiye

²

Civil Engineering Department, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul 34537, Türkiye

³

Civil Engineering Department, Pamukkale University, Denizli 20070, Türkiye

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(1), 345; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010345

Submission received: 25 November 2025 / Revised: 17 December 2025 / Accepted: 22 December 2025 / Published: 29 December 2025

(This article belongs to the Section Civil Engineering)

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Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between spectral reduction and structural demand using different equivalent viscous damping approaches for existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. In that regard, 20 existing reinforced concrete buildings ranging from three to seven stories were selected. Equivalent viscous damping ratios were obtained based on the building period and ductility values using Applied Technology Council (ATC) 40 and Priestley et al. approaches. Subsequently, the corresponding spectral reduction factors were computed using various spectral reduction models existing in the literature. These reduction factors were then applied to design spectra defined for different soil classes in Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBEC) 2018 to estimate the inelastic spectral demands. Finally, a comparison was conducted in terms of the obtained spectral reduction coefficients and spectral demands, highlighting the influence of different damping models on expected structural response.

Keywords: equivalent viscous damping; spectral reduction; seismic demand; existing RC buildings

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cirak Karakas, C.; Palanci, M.; Senel, S.M. Evaluation of Displacement Demands for Existing RC Buildings Using Spectral Reduction Based on Equivalent Viscous Damping. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010345

AMA Style

Cirak Karakas C, Palanci M, Senel SM. Evaluation of Displacement Demands for Existing RC Buildings Using Spectral Reduction Based on Equivalent Viscous Damping. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(1):345. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010345

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cirak Karakas, Cigdem, Mehmet Palanci, and Sevket Murat Senel. 2026. "Evaluation of Displacement Demands for Existing RC Buildings Using Spectral Reduction Based on Equivalent Viscous Damping" Applied Sciences 16, no. 1: 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010345

APA Style

Cirak Karakas, C., Palanci, M., & Senel, S. M. (2026). Evaluation of Displacement Demands for Existing RC Buildings Using Spectral Reduction Based on Equivalent Viscous Damping. Applied Sciences, 16(1), 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010345

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Evaluation of Displacement Demands for Existing RC Buildings Using Spectral Reduction Based on Equivalent Viscous Damping

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