Pathogens, Volume 13, Issue 8

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) poses a significant public health concern in endemic regions due to its increasing prevalence and substantial impact on affected individuals. This disease is primarily caused by the Leishmania protozoa, which are transmit...

Enteroviruses (EVs and RVs) are prevalent worldwide and cause various diseases in humans, of which the VP1-pocket is a target of antivirals, with a lipid molecule as a pocket factor to stabilize the virion. However, the characterization of the struct...

One Health (OH) is an integrative approach to human, animal, and environmental health and can be used as a comprehensive indicator for comparative purposes. Although an OH index has been proposed for comparing cities, states, and countries, to date,...

The control and management of malaria are linked to the quality of diagnosis. We sought to estimate the performance of routine microscopy for malaria diagnosis and assess the prevalence of submicroscopic Plasmodium (P.) falciparum infection among feb...

Crown gall is a soil-borne bacterial disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, leading to significant economic losses in many plant species. For the assessment of the biological and chemical products on crown gall, each plant’s crown region...

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) antisense vicK RNA (ASvicK) is a non-coding RNA that regulates cariogenic virulence and metabolic activity. Dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), a quaternary ammonium methacrylate used in dental materials, ha...

African swine fever virus (ASFV), a highly virulent double-stranded DNA virus, poses a significant threat to global pig farming, with mortality rates in domestic pigs reaching up to 100%. Originating in Kenya in 1921, ASFV has since proliferated to W...

Japanese encephalitis is a disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and is a concern for U.S. military personnel stationed in the Republic of Korea (ROK). The recent literature reports a potential shift from GI to GV as the dominant ge...

Introduction: Several respiratory viruses have been shown to have seasonal patterns. The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare these patterns in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients for five different respiratory viruses. Methods: We...

Research on the therapeutic use of parasites has been ongoing since the development of the “hygiene hypothesis”. Parasites can stimulate the Th2-dependent response and suppress the Th1-dependent response, which is intensified in many dise...

Bile acids (BAs) play a crucial role in the human body’s defense against infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. BAs counteract infections not only through interactions with intestinal bacteria exhibiting bile salt hydrolase (BSH) ac...

Ocular toxoplasmosis is the most prevalent clinical manifestation of T. gondii infection, which causes irreversible retinal damage. Different experimental models have been developed to study this pathology. In the present study, a new, ex vivo model...

Contaminations with cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli across the food chain may pose a significant threat to public health because those antimicrobials are critically important in human medicine. The impact of the presented data is especially...

The green tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) has antimicrobial effects on many bacteria. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of EGCg on Bacillus anthracis spores and vegetative cells. The B. anthracis spores were insensiti...

Far-ultraviolet C light, with a wavelength of 200–230 nm, has demonstrated broad-spectrum germicidal efficacy. However, due to increased interest in its use as an alternative antimicrobial, further knowledge about its fundamental bactericidal e...

Sub-Saharan Africa, with its hot and humid climate, is a conducive zone for tick proliferation. These vectors pose a major challenge to both animal and human health in the region. However, despite the relevance of emerging diseases and evidence of ti...

The progressing worldwide increases in tick occurrence and tick-borne diseases calls for the development of new prevention strategies to reduce their impact on human and animal health. Defining the risk of exposure to tick bites is therefore essentia...

Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba which causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Although PAM is rare, the fatality rate is staggering at over 97%. So, the importance of finding an effective treatment and cure for PAM caused by N. fo...

The ‘rule-of-6’ prediction tool was shown to be able to identify COVID-19 patients at risk of adverse outcomes. During the pandemic, we frequently observed hyponatremia at presentation. We sought to evaluate if adding hyponatremia at pres...

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) induced by Eurasian pathogenic orthohantaviruses is characterized by acute kidney injury (AKI) with often massive proteinuria. The mechanisms of the organ-specific manifestation are not completely understo...

Engineered circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded RNAs with head-to-tail covalently linked structures that integrate open reading frames (ORFs) and internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) with the function of coding and expressing prot...

Mosquitoes are vectors of many important human diseases. The prolonged and widespread use of insecticides has led to the development of mosquito resistance to these insecticides. The gut microbiota is considered the master of host development and phy...

Carrion’s disease, caused by Bartonella bacilliformis, is a neglected tropical disease prevalent in the Andean region of South America. Without antimicrobial treatment, this disease has a mortality rate of up to 88% in infected patients. The mo...

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and Rift Valley fever (RVF) are among the list of emerging zoonotic diseases that require special attention and priority. RVF is one of the six priority diseases selected by the Senegalese government. Repeated e...

Leishmania infantum is considered the predominant Leishmania species responsible for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Greece but limited molecular-typing-based studies have been performed so far. We retrospectively analyzed data and serum samples...

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis with global public health impact, particularly in poor socio-economic settings in tropical regions. Transmitted through urine-contaminated water or soil from rodents, dogs, and livestock, leptospirosis causes over a millio...

Background: Syphilis remains a significant global public health concern, and one of its consequences in pregnant women is the potential occurrence of congenital syphilis due to Treponema pallidum infection. This study determined the prevalence of syp...

This review article will present a comprehensive examination of the use of modeling, spatial analysis, and geographic information systems (GIS) in the surveillance of viruses in wastewater. With the advent of global health challenges like the COVID-1...

This article deals with Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders of marine mammals as putative neuropathology and neuropathogenesis models for their human and, to some extent, their animal “counterparts” in a dual “One Health” a...

Late human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis has been associated with missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis. We conducted a retrospective, longitudinal, single-centre cohort study evaluating these missed opportunities and their clinical rep...

Malaria is a significant health problem in Africa, primarily due to the Plasmodium falciparum species, but this is not the only etiological factor responsible for malaria on the continent. The goal of the present research was to describe asymptomatic...

Egypt has long been overwhelmed by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and it used to be the country with the world’s highest prevalence rates. The disease had been a significant public health problem, affecting millions of Egyptians and pos...

The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) borders eight countries and has a complex geographic environment. There are almost 45.696 million herded sheep in Xinjiang, which occupies 13.80% of China’s sheep farming industry. However, there...

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has meant that pandemic preparedness has become a major focus of the global scientific community. Gathered in the historic St Edmund Hall college in Oxford, the one-day LPMHealthcare conference on emerging viruses (6 Septe...

Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) participate in the regulation of inflammation, blood coagulation, and complement activation in humans. This research aimed to identify and characterize such inhibitors of the human liver fluke Opisthorchis viverri...

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) can be primary or secondary, with significant associated morbidity and mortality. Primary bloodstream infections (BSIs) are defined as infections where no clear infection source is identified, while secondary BSIs origin...

Staphylococcus aureus stands out as one of the most virulent pathogens in the genus Staphylococcus. This characteristic is due to its ability to produce a wide variety of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and exotoxins, which in turn can cause staphy...

Knowledge of epidemiology is essential for guiding correct antibiotic prescription, reducing bacteremia-associated mortality, and implementing targeted infection control programs. However, only a few studies have reported on the epidemiology of blood...

Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) revolutionized the therapeutics of chronic hepatitis C. The emergence and transmission of HCV variants with resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) can undermine HCV treatment. This study aimed to assess the prevale...

Elucidation of pathways regulating parasite cell death is believed to contribute to identification of novel therapeutic targets for protozoan diseases, and in this context, apoptosis-like cell death has been reported in different groups of protozoa,...

The vast array of omics data in microbiology presents significant opportunities for studying bacterial pathogenesis and creating computational tools for predicting pathogenic potential. However, the field lacks a comprehensive, curated resource that...

Onchocerciasis causes severe morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Abia, Anambra, Enugu, and Imo states of Nigeria were historically classified meso- or hyperendemic and eligible for ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA). After ≥25 years of annual...

The oral microbial flora may be significantly altered by orthodontic therapy and the use of fixed orthodontic brackets. Most orthodontic research has focused on cariogenic pathogens, while some evidence has demonstrated an increase in many known peri...

In this review article, we aim to provide an overview of fasciolosis in ruminants. Diagnosis through new coprological methods (such as Flukefinder^®, FLOTAC^®, and Mini-FLOTAC^®) remains the most suitable approach for farms. Regarding treatm...

The extracellular matrix of most bacterial biofilms contains polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. These biopolymers have been shown to mediate fundamental biofilm-related phenotypes including surface attachment, intercellular adhesion, and b...

CMV is a ubiquitous DNA virus that establishes infection and results in 40–100% seropositivity. Viral replication occurs following an acquired primary infection (or reinfection) or by the reactivation of life-long latency. In immunocompetent pa...

Microbial keratitis (MK) is the fourth leading cause of blindness globally, imposing a substantial burden on the healthcare system. This study aims to determine the cost composition of MK patients and explore factors influencing these expenses. We an...

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are common in both natural and engineered freshwater ecosystems. They play important roles in biofilm control and contaminant removal through the predation of bacteria and other taxa. Bacterial predation by FLA is also thoug...

The persistence of non-typhoidal Salmonella and Campylobacter in chicken meat is a considerable public health risk and a future challenge. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter in poultry processing lines where...

Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis (THE) is an acute disease caused by a Siadenovirus that affects 4 week-aged and older turkeys, characterized by acute depression, bloody droppings, and a high mortality rate. The immunosuppressive attributes of THE can pr...