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Volume 13
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10.3390/pathogens13080704
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Article

Seasonal Patterns of Common Respiratory Viral Infections in Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Patients

by
Fotis Theodoropoulos
1,
Anika Hüsing
2,
Ulf Dittmer
3,
Karl-Heinz Jöckel
2,4,
Christian Taube
1 and
Olympia E. Anastasiou
3,*
1
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, 45239 Essen, Germany
2
Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
3
Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
4
Centre for Clinical Studies (ZKSE), Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pathogens 2024, 13(8), 704; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080704
Submission received: 9 July 2024 / Revised: 13 August 2024 / Accepted: 16 August 2024 / Published: 20 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology and Clinical Management of Respiratory Viral Diseases, from Children to Adults)
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Abstract

Introduction: Several respiratory viruses have been shown to have seasonal patterns. The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare these patterns in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients for five different respiratory viruses. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of results for 13,591 respiratory tract samples for human metapneumovirus (HMPV), influenza virus, parainfluenza virus (PIV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. A seasonal pattern was aligned to the data of immunocompetent patients through a logistic regression model of positive and negative test results. Results: A narrow seasonal pattern (January to March) was documented for HMPV. Most RSV infections were detected in the winter and early spring months, from December to March, but occasional cases of RSV could be found throughout the year. The peak season for PIV-3 was during the summer months, and that for PIV-4 was mostly in autumn. A narrow seasonal pattern emerged for influenza virus as most infections were detected in the winter, in January and February. The seasonal patterns of HMPV, RSV, PIV, and influenza virus were similar for both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Conclusions: We found no difference in the seasonality of HMPV, RSV, PIV, and influenza virus infections between immunosuppressed and immunocompetent hosts.
Keywords: seasonality; RSV; PIV; influenza; HMPV; immunocompromised seasonality; RSV; PIV; influenza; HMPV; immunocompromised

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MDPI and ACS Style

Theodoropoulos, F.; Hüsing, A.; Dittmer, U.; Jöckel, K.-H.; Taube, C.; Anastasiou, O.E. Seasonal Patterns of Common Respiratory Viral Infections in Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Patients. Pathogens 2024, 13, 704. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080704

AMA Style

Theodoropoulos F, Hüsing A, Dittmer U, Jöckel K-H, Taube C, Anastasiou OE. Seasonal Patterns of Common Respiratory Viral Infections in Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Patients. Pathogens. 2024; 13(8):704. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080704

Chicago/Turabian Style

Theodoropoulos, Fotis, Anika Hüsing, Ulf Dittmer, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Christian Taube, and Olympia E. Anastasiou. 2024. "Seasonal Patterns of Common Respiratory Viral Infections in Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Patients" Pathogens 13, no. 8: 704. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080704

APA Style

Theodoropoulos, F., Hüsing, A., Dittmer, U., Jöckel, K.-H., Taube, C., & Anastasiou, O. E. (2024). Seasonal Patterns of Common Respiratory Viral Infections in Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Patients. Pathogens, 13(8), 704. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080704

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