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Volume 12
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10.3390/atmos12040457
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Article

Vertical Characteristics of Pollution Transport in Hong Kong and Beijing, China

by
Xin Yang
1,*,
Wei Qian
2,3,
Daoyi Gong
1,
Chuanfeng Zhao
1,*,
Pak-wai Chan
4,
Wei Zhou
5,
Yu Huang
5,
Fang Zhang
1 and
Zhigang Li
1
1
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
2
Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing 210009, China
3
Jiangsu Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Nanjing 210009, China
4
Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong
5
Beijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing 100089, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Atmosphere 2021, 12(4), 457; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040457
Submission received: 8 March 2021 / Revised: 26 March 2021 / Accepted: 31 March 2021 / Published: 4 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerosol Pollution in Asia)
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Abstract

Transported pollution plays an important role in the atmospheric environment of eastern China. This study analyzed the characteristics of surface winds at different air quality levels using meteorological station observations of both wind and mass concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters <2.5 μm (PM2.5) over Hong Kong and Beijing. In recent decades, wind directions at the surface exhibit a similar pattern for both good and poor air quality levels at all three stations, indicating a weak relationship between surface winds and air quality in Hong Kong. However, winds at a height of 1–2 km govern pollution accumulation. This dominant role is illustrated by a sudden change in wind direction within this layer and a simultaneous pollution accumulation stage on 8 January 2014. The controlling influence of winds at 1–2 km on both the deterioration and improvement of air quality is also supported by a distinct vertical wind distribution for all 21 monotonic increasing stages and 17 decreasing stages of PM2.5. In contrast, air pollution is transported to Beijing throughout the atmospheric layer that extends from the surface to a height of more than 3 km. This key difference may be due to variations in meteorology, topography, and emission sources between Hong Kong and Beijing. The results that layer of 1–2 km in Hong Kong and of surface to 3 km in Beijing is the height where pollution transport is most likely to occur are critical for forecasting severe haze episodes in eastern China.
Keywords: vertical distribution; surface wind; wind profile; PM2.5 concentration vertical distribution; surface wind; wind profile; PM2.5 concentration

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Yang, X.; Qian, W.; Gong, D.; Zhao, C.; Chan, P.-w.; Zhou, W.; Huang, Y.; Zhang, F.; Li, Z. Vertical Characteristics of Pollution Transport in Hong Kong and Beijing, China. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 457. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040457

AMA Style

Yang X, Qian W, Gong D, Zhao C, Chan P-w, Zhou W, Huang Y, Zhang F, Li Z. Vertical Characteristics of Pollution Transport in Hong Kong and Beijing, China. Atmosphere. 2021; 12(4):457. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040457

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang, Xin, Wei Qian, Daoyi Gong, Chuanfeng Zhao, Pak-wai Chan, Wei Zhou, Yu Huang, Fang Zhang, and Zhigang Li. 2021. "Vertical Characteristics of Pollution Transport in Hong Kong and Beijing, China" Atmosphere 12, no. 4: 457. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040457

APA Style

Yang, X., Qian, W., Gong, D., Zhao, C., Chan, P.-w., Zhou, W., Huang, Y., Zhang, F., & Li, Z. (2021). Vertical Characteristics of Pollution Transport in Hong Kong and Beijing, China. Atmosphere, 12(4), 457. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040457

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