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Volume 12
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10.3390/atmos12040456
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Article

Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Aerosol Measured in a Semi-Arid and Chemical-Industrialized City, Northwest China

by
Huimin Jiang
1,
Zhongqin Li
1,2,3,*,
Feiteng Wang
2,
Xi Zhou
4,
Fanglong Wang
2,
Shan Ma
4 and
Xin Zhang
2
1
College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730000, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Tianshan Glaciological Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
3
College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
4
Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Atmosphere 2021, 12(4), 456; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040456
Submission received: 16 March 2021 / Revised: 27 March 2021 / Accepted: 31 March 2021 / Published: 3 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Aerosols)
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Abstract

We investigated water-soluble ions (WSIs) of aerosol samples collected from 2016 to 2017 in Lanzhou, a typical semi-arid and chemical-industrialized city in Northwest China. WSIs concentration was higher in the heating period (35.68 ± 19.17 μg/m3) and lower in the non-heating period (12.45 ± 4.21 μg/m3). NO3−, SO42−, NH4+ and Ca2+ were dominant WSIs. The concentration of SO42− has decreased in recent years, while the NO3− level was increasing. WSIs concentration was affected by meteorological factors. The sulfur oxidation and nitrogen oxidation ratios (SOR and NOR) exceeded 0.1, inferring the vital contribution of secondary transformation. Meanwhile higher O3 concentration and temperature promoted the homogeneous reaction of SO2. Lower temperature and high relative humidity (RH) were more suitable for heterogeneous reactions of NO2. Three-phase cluster analysis illustrated that the anthropogenic source ions and natural source ions were dominant WSIs during the heating and non-heating periods, respectively. The backward trajectory analysis and the potential source contribution function model indicated that Lanzhou was strongly influenced by the Hexi Corridor, northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, northern Qinghai province, Inner Mongolia Plateau and its surrounding cities. This research will improve our understanding of the air quality and pollutant sources in the industrial environment.
Keywords: total suspended particulates (TSP); water-soluble ions (WSIs); formation mechanism; source identification; Lanzhou total suspended particulates (TSP); water-soluble ions (WSIs); formation mechanism; source identification; Lanzhou

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jiang, H.; Li, Z.; Wang, F.; Zhou, X.; Wang, F.; Ma, S.; Zhang, X. Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Aerosol Measured in a Semi-Arid and Chemical-Industrialized City, Northwest China. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 456. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040456

AMA Style

Jiang H, Li Z, Wang F, Zhou X, Wang F, Ma S, Zhang X. Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Aerosol Measured in a Semi-Arid and Chemical-Industrialized City, Northwest China. Atmosphere. 2021; 12(4):456. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040456

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiang, Huimin, Zhongqin Li, Feiteng Wang, Xi Zhou, Fanglong Wang, Shan Ma, and Xin Zhang. 2021. "Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Aerosol Measured in a Semi-Arid and Chemical-Industrialized City, Northwest China" Atmosphere 12, no. 4: 456. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040456

APA Style

Jiang, H., Li, Z., Wang, F., Zhou, X., Wang, F., Ma, S., & Zhang, X. (2021). Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Aerosol Measured in a Semi-Arid and Chemical-Industrialized City, Northwest China. Atmosphere, 12(4), 456. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040456

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