Cells, Volume 14, Issue 2

The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in various tumors has become increasingly clear in addition to their prominent role in therapy resistance, metastasis, and recurrence. For early diagnosis, disease progression monitoring, and targeting, there...

Peroxisomes are ubiquitous, dynamic, oxidative organelles with key functions in cellular lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis. They have been linked to healthy ageing, neurodegeneration, cancer, the combat of pathogens and viruses, and infection an...

SCAPs (Stem Cells from Apical Papilla), derived from the apex of forming wisdom teeth, extracted from teenagers for orthodontic reasons, belong to the MSCs (Mesenchymal Stromal Cells) family. They have multipotent differentiation capabilities and are...

Maxillofacial bone defects can have a profound impact on both facial function and aesthetics. While various biomaterial scaffolds have shown promise in addressing these challenges, regenerating bone in this region remains complex due to its irregular...

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) and arterial thrombosis (AT) are distinct yet closely related pathological processes. While traditionally considered separate entities, accumulating evidence suggests that they share common risk factors, such as inflammat...

Brain plasticity is at the basis of many cognitive functions, including learning and memory. It includes several mechanisms of synaptic and extrasynaptic changes, neurogenesis, and the formation and elimination of synapses. The plasticity of synaptic...

An actin-binding protein, known as Calponin 3 (CNN3), modulates the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, a fundamental process for the maintenance of skeletal muscle homeostasis. Although the roles of CNN3 in actin remodeling have been established,...

Lipophagy is a selective degradation of lipid droplets in lysosomes or vacuoles. Apart from its role in generating energy and free fatty acids for membrane repair, growth, and the formation of new membranes, lipophagy emerges as a key player in other...

Thyroid dysfunction is associated with a number of neuropsychiatric manifestations. Cognitive decline is a common feature of hypothyroidism and clinical or subclinical hyperthyroidism. In addition, there is a significant association between thyroid h...

Hyaluronan (HA) is a critical component of cell and tissue matrices and an important signaling molecule. The enzymes that synthesize and process HA, as well as the HA receptors through which the signaling properties of HA are transmitted, have been i...

Dominant optic atrophy (DOA) is the most commonly inherited optic neuropathy. The majority of DOA is caused by mutations in the OPA1 gene, which encodes a dynamin-related GTPase located to the mitochondrion. OPA1 has been shown to regulate mitochondr...

Nestin is a type VI intermediate filament protein and a well-known neural stem cell marker. It is also expressed in high-grade cancer cells, forming copolymerized filaments with vimentin. We previously showed that nestin inhibits the binding of vimen...

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are commonly employed in clinical treatment for various diseases due to their ability to differentiate into multi-lineage and anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory properties. Preclinical studies support the...

Contaminations are challenging for monocultures, as they impact the culture conditions and thus influence the growth of the target organism and the overall biomass composition. In phycology, axenic cultures comprising a single living species are comm...

Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumor originating from endothelial cells and is associated with human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV) infection. It disproportionately affects populations facing health disparities. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has imp...

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) exhibits a unique mode of metastasis, involving spheroid formation in the peritoneum. Our research on EOC spheroid cell biology has provided valuable insights into the signaling plasticity associated with metastasis. W...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a significant global health challenge, with many current treatments addressing symptoms rather than the genetic roots of these conditions. The advent of CRISPR-Cas9 technology has revolutionized genome editing, o...

Stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells with an extraordinary ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types during growth and development. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a critical devel...

Diabetes mellitus is a widespread metabolic disorder linked to numerous systemic complications, including adverse effects on skeletal health, such as increased bone fragility and fracture risk. Emerging evidence suggests that high glucose may disrupt...

Structural maintenance of chromosome-1A (SMC1A) is overexpressed in various malignancies including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). As a core component of the cohesin complex, SMC1A was initially recognized for its involvement in chromosomal coh...

Dental implants are crucial in contemporary oral rehabilitation, necessitating optimal integration with the surrounding soft tissues for durable success. The attachment between the implant surface and peri-implant mucosa should establish a secure sea...

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are essential molecular chaperones that protect cells by aiding in protein folding and preventing aggregation under stress conditions. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), which include members from HSPB1 to HSPB10, are parti...

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including phthalates, have been implicated in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatic fibrosis. This study investigates the age-dependent effects of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP)...

Meis1 is a transcription factor involved in numerous functions including development and proliferation and has been previously shown to harness cell cycle progression. In this study, we used in silico analysis to predict that miR-499-5p targets Meis1...

Rotenone, a naturally occurring compound derived from the roots of tropical plants, is used as a broad-spectrum insecticide, piscicide, and pesticide. It is a classical, high-affinity mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that causes not only oxidative s...

Chronic pain, pain that lasts beyond three months, is a common finding in the elderly. It is often due to musculoskeletal conditions but can be precipitated by other factors as well. While physiological systems decline with aging, chronic pain is inf...

Neuromodulation stands as a cutting-edge approach in the fields of neuroscience and therapeutic intervention typically involving the regulation of neural activity through physical and chemical stimuli. The purpose of this review is to provide an over...

The autophagy-related ubiquitin-like conjugation systems, the ATG8 and ATG12 systems, are universally conserved in eukaryotes. However, the covalent bond in the ATG12 system has recently been shown to be evolutionarily lost in Apicomplexa. Here, we s...

Phosphodiesterases, particularly the type 5 isoform (PDE5), have gained recognition as pivotal regulators of male reproductive physiology, exerting significant influence on testicular function, sperm maturation, and overall fertility potential. Over...

As of 2023, there were 39.9 million people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1). Although great strides have been made in treatment options for HIV-1, and our understanding of the HIV-1 life cycle has vastly improved since the star...

Stroke affects over 12 million people annually, leading to high mortality, long-term disability, and substantial healthcare costs. Although East Asian herbal medicines are widely used for stroke treatment, the pathways of operation they use remain po...

Recent advances in molecular genetics, particularly in identifying and characterizing genetic abnormalities within mesenchymal neoplasms, have led to a more comprehensive and evolving classification system. Modern technological developments in cytoge...

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe genetic muscle disease occurring due to mutations of the dystrophin gene. There is no cure for DMD. Using a dystrophin^−/−utrophin^−/− (DKO-Hom) mouse model, we investigated the PGE2...

tRNA molecules are among the most fundamental and evolutionarily conserved RNA types, primarily facilitating the translation of genetic information from mRNA into proteins. Beyond their canonical role as adaptor molecules during protein synthesis, tR...

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is the most common childhood malignancy that remains a leading cause of death in childhood. It may be characterised by multiple known recurrent genetic aberrations that inform prognosis, the most common being hyperdiploi...

Mebendazole (MBZ), a benzimidazole anthelmintic and cytoskeleton-disrupting compound, exhibits antitumor properties; however, its action on ovarian cancer (OC) is not clearly understood. This study evaluates the effect of MBZ on OC cell lines OVCAR3...

Genomic integrity is critical for cellular homeostasis, preventing the accumulation of mutations that can drive diseases such as cancer. Among the mechanisms safeguarding genomic stability, the Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway plays a pivotal role...

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a diverse group originating from endocrine cells/their precursors in pancreas, small intestine, or lung. The key serum marker is chromogranin A (CgA). While commonly elevated in patients with NEN, its prognostic va...

Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has attained unprecedented clinical success, the tolerance and immune suppression mechanisms evolved by tumor cells and their tumor microenvironment (TME) hinder its maximum anti-cancer potential. Fer...

Cold stress strongly hinders plant growth and development. However, the molecular and physiological adaptive mechanisms of cold stress tolerance in plants are not well understood. Plants adopt several morpho-physiological changes to withstand cold st...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social skills and the presence of repetitive and restricted behaviors and interests. The social behavior of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) makes this organism a...

Osteopontin (OPN) is a sialylated phosphoprotein highly expressed in atherosclerosis and upregulated in settings of both acute and chronic inflammation. It is hypothesised that plasma levels of OPN may correlate with the presence of coronary artery d...

Tissue fibrosis results from a dysregulated and chronic wound healing response accompanied by chronic inflammation and angiogenesis. Regardless of the affected organ, fibrosis shares the following common hallmarks: the recruitment of immune cells, fi...

Glucose-sensing ChREBP and MondoA are transcriptional factors involved in the lipogenic, inflammatory, and insulin signaling pathways implicated in metabolic disorders; however, limited ocular studies have been conducted on these proteins. We aimed t...

Asthma is a major non-communicable disease whose pathogenesis is still not fully elucidated. One of the asthma research models is precision-cut lung slices (PCLSs), and among the therapeutic options, miRNA molecules are of great interest. The aim of...

Glycosylation plays a critical role in various biological processes, yet identifying specific glycosyltransferase substrates remains a challenge due to the complexity of glycosylation. Here, we employ proximity labeling with biotin ligases BASU and T...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation leading to joint damage and systemic complications. Angiogenesis promotes inflammation and contributes to RA progression. This study evaluated potential anti-angi...

Hyaluronan (HA) levels are dynamically regulated homeostatically through biosynthesis and degradation. HA homeostasis is often perturbed under disease conditions. HA degradation products are thought to contribute to disease pathology. The hyaluronida...

Evidence indicates a bidirectional link between depressive symptoms and neuroinflammation. This study evaluated chronic cannabidiol (CBD) treatment effects in male and female rats subjected to the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model of dep...

GATA-3 is a master regulator of preadipocyte differentiation and function. Pharmacological or genetic targeting of GATA-3 will allow us to understand the function of GATA-3 in regulating metabolism, insulin signaling, and inflammation. Pyrrothiogatai...