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Volume 14
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10.3390/computers14010022
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Article

The Right to the Night City: Exploring the Temporal Variability of the 15-min City in Milan and Its Implications for Nocturnal Communities

by
Lamia Abdelfattah
*,
Abubakr Albashir
,
Giulia Ceccarelli
,
Andrea Gorrini
*,
Federico Messa
and
Dante Presicce
Fondazione Transform Transport ETS, Via Lovanio 8, 20121 Milano, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Computers 2025, 14(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14010022
Submission received: 30 November 2024 / Revised: 19 December 2024 / Accepted: 8 January 2025 / Published: 11 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Science and Its Applications 2024 (ICCSA 2024))
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Abstract

The needs of night communities and the barriers they face in accessing diverse urban amenities are underexplored in urban planning research. Focus is primarily given to the needs of cultural consumers, frequently overlooking the challenges faced by regular nighttime communities, including night workers. Through a GIS-based analysis, the aim of this research is to shed light on differences in accessibility to core urban services between day and night in the city of Milan. The spatiotemporal analysis was performed using a customized version of the 15-min City Score Toolkit, an open-source, Python-based proprietary tool developed to automate the 15 min access metric estimation. Proprietary Point-Of-Interest (POI) data that were retrieved, sorted and filtered from the Google Places API are used to simulate time-variant walkability maps based on opening hour information contained in the dataset. The research reveals significant differences in walkability potential, both in spatial and temporal terms, and highlights gaps in nighttime service availability. The work presents an innovation on the 15 min city approach that highlights the impact of 24-h urban rhythms on real walkability outcomes. The quality limitations of the Google data are extensively explored in the article, providing further insight into the replicability and scalability of the methodology for future research.
Keywords: 15-min city; walkability; accessibility; spatiotemporal mapping; chrono-urbanism; GIS; sociospatial inequality; nighttime economy 15-min city; walkability; accessibility; spatiotemporal mapping; chrono-urbanism; GIS; sociospatial inequality; nighttime economy
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MDPI and ACS Style

Abdelfattah, L.; Albashir, A.; Ceccarelli, G.; Gorrini, A.; Messa, F.; Presicce, D. The Right to the Night City: Exploring the Temporal Variability of the 15-min City in Milan and Its Implications for Nocturnal Communities. Computers 2025, 14, 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14010022

AMA Style

Abdelfattah L, Albashir A, Ceccarelli G, Gorrini A, Messa F, Presicce D. The Right to the Night City: Exploring the Temporal Variability of the 15-min City in Milan and Its Implications for Nocturnal Communities. Computers. 2025; 14(1):22. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14010022

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdelfattah, Lamia, Abubakr Albashir, Giulia Ceccarelli, Andrea Gorrini, Federico Messa, and Dante Presicce. 2025. "The Right to the Night City: Exploring the Temporal Variability of the 15-min City in Milan and Its Implications for Nocturnal Communities" Computers 14, no. 1: 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14010022

APA Style

Abdelfattah, L., Albashir, A., Ceccarelli, G., Gorrini, A., Messa, F., & Presicce, D. (2025). The Right to the Night City: Exploring the Temporal Variability of the 15-min City in Milan and Its Implications for Nocturnal Communities. Computers, 14(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14010022

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