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Articles (22)

  • Review
  • Open Access
77 Citations
13,997 Views
12 Pages

22 February 2016

Bee venom therapy has been used to treat immune-related diseases such as arthritis for a long time. Recently, it has revealed that group III secretory phospholipase A2 from bee venom (bee venom group III sPLA2) has in vitro and in vivo immunomodulato...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,322 Views
12 Pages

Insight into the Mode of Action of Haedoxan A from Phryma leptostachya

  • Zhaonong Hu,
  • Yuzhe Du,
  • Xinmin Xiao,
  • Ke Dong and
  • Wenjun Wu

22 February 2016

Haedoxan A (HA) is a major active ingredient in the herbaceous perennial plant lopseed (Phryma leptostachya L.), which is used as a natural insecticide against insect pests in East Asia. Here, we report that HA delayed the decay rate of evoked excit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
6,797 Views
21 Pages

20 February 2016

Insect host/parasitoid interactions are co-evolved systems in which host defenses are balanced by parasitoid mechanisms to disable or hide from host immune effectors. Here, we report that Pteromalus puparum venom impairs the antimicrobial activity of...

  • Review
  • Open Access
28 Citations
11,825 Views
16 Pages

Heterologous Expression of Toxins from Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Eukaryotic Cells: Strategies and Applications

  • Chew Chieng Yeo,
  • Fauziah Abu Bakar,
  • Wai Ting Chan,
  • Manuel Espinosa and
  • Jennifer Ann Harikrishna

19 February 2016

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are found in nearly all prokaryotic genomes and usually consist of a pair of co-transcribed genes, one of which encodes a stable toxin and the other, its cognate labile antitoxin. Certain environmental and physiological c...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
21 Citations
5,703 Views
4 Pages

Long-Term Blood Pressure Control Effect of Celiac Plexus Block with Botulinum Toxin

  • Sung Hyun Lee,
  • Dae Hwan Lim,
  • Ju Ho Lee,
  • Kiyuk Chang,
  • Jung Min Koo and
  • Hue Jung Park

19 February 2016

Celiac plexus block (CPB) is one of the main treatment options for patients resistant to conventional antihypertensive drugs. We present a case of resistant hypertension (RHTN) that was treated with CPB using botulinum toxin. An 18-year-old male pati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
6,327 Views
13 Pages

Combined Effects of Lipophilic Phycotoxins (Okadaic Acid, Azapsiracid-1 and Yessotoxin) on Human Intestinal Cells Models

  • Pierre-Jean Ferron,
  • Kevin Dumazeau,
  • Jean-François Beaulieu,
  • Ludovic Le Hégarat and
  • Valérie Fessard

19 February 2016

Phycotoxins are monitored in seafood because they can cause food poisonings in humans. Phycotoxins do not only occur singly but also as mixtures in shellfish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro toxic interactions of binary combination...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
6,879 Views
19 Pages

15 February 2016

A transcriptomic analysis of the saliva of T. pallidipennis together with a short proteomic analysis were carried out to reveal novel primary structures of the lipocalin/triabin protein families in this reduviid. Although triabins share some structur...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
305 Citations
18,063 Views
24 Pages

Mycotoxin Contamination in the EU Feed Supply Chain: A Focus on Cereal Byproducts

  • Luciano Pinotti,
  • Matteo Ottoboni,
  • Carlotta Giromini,
  • Vittorio Dell’Orto and
  • Federica Cheli

15 February 2016

Mycotoxins represent a risk to the feed supply chain with an impact on economies and international trade. A high percentage of feed samples have been reported to be contaminated with more than one mycotoxin. In most cases, the concentrations were low...

  • Review
  • Open Access
57 Citations
9,972 Views
16 Pages

15 February 2016

Different group of alkaloids are produced during the symbiotic development of fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë in grass. The structure and toxicity of the compounds vary considerably in mammalian herbivores and in crop pests. Alkaloids of the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
10,222 Views
16 Pages

Functional Genomic Analysis of Aspergillus flavus Interacting with Resistant and Susceptible Peanut

  • Houmiao Wang,
  • Yong Lei,
  • Liying Yan,
  • Liyun Wan,
  • Xiaoping Ren,
  • Silong Chen,
  • Xiaofeng Dai,
  • Wei Guo,
  • Huifang Jiang and
  • Boshou Liao

15 February 2016

In the Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus)–peanut pathosystem, development and metabolism of the fungus directly influence aflatoxin contamination. To comprehensively understand the molecular mechanism of A. flavus interaction with peanut, RNA-seq was use...

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Toxins - ISSN 2072-6651