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Toxins, Volume 17, Issue 1

January 2025 - 45 articles

Cover Story: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in food crops poses significant public health risks, especially in decentralized, low-resource agricultural systems. This study evaluated AFB1 detection methods, including ELISA and lateral-flow assays (LFAs), validated via HPLC, and assessed barriers to their use. Among ELISA kits, the AgraQuant Aflatoxin B1 2/50 Kit showed the highest accuracy, reliably quantifying AFB1 in maize and tortillas. LFA paired with a smartphone algorithm achieved 84% presence/absence accuracy but struggled with concentration predictions. Low-cost tools like moisture readers aid screening, but advanced methods remain essential. A tiered framework combining tools and confirmatory testing can enhance monitoring systems in decentralized agricultural supply chains. View this paper
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Articles (45)

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,957 Views
26 Pages

The First Large Identification of 3ANX and NX Producing Isolates of Fusarium graminearum in Manitoba, Western Canada

  • Maria Antonia Henriquez,
  • Srinivas Sura,
  • Sean Walkowiak,
  • David Kaminski,
  • Anne Kirk,
  • Mark W. Sumarah,
  • Parthasarathy Santhanam,
  • Nina Kepeshchuk,
  • Jules Carlson and
  • E. RoTimi Ojo
  • + 2 authors

17 January 2025

Fusarium head blight, caused by Fusarium graminearum, continues to be one of the most important and devastating fungal diseases on cereal grains including wheat, barley, and oat crops. F. graminearum produces toxic secondary metabolites that include...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,803 Views
19 Pages

Updated Nematocyst Types in Tentacle of Venomous Box Jellyfish, Chironex indrasaksajiae (Sucharitakul, 2017) and Chiropsoides buitendijki (Horst, 1907) (Cnidaria, Cubozoa) in Thai Waters

  • Thippawan Yasanga,
  • Klintean Wunnapuk,
  • Rochana Phuackchantuck,
  • Lakkana Thaikruea,
  • Thunyaporn Achalawitkun,
  • Purinat Rungraung and
  • Sineenart Santidherakul

17 January 2025

The multiple-tentacle box jellyfish, Chironex indrasaksajiae (Sucharitakul, 2017) and Chiropsoides buitendijki (Horst, 1907), are venomous species found in Thai waters. They are responsible for numerous envenomations through their stinging organelles...

  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,318 Views
31 Pages

17 January 2025

The objective of this review is to investigate the impacts of aflatoxins, particularly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), on intestinal microbiota, intestinal health, and growth performance in monogastric animals, primarily chickens and pigs, as well as dietary in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,073 Views
18 Pages

Crustacean Zooplankton Ingestion of Potentially Toxic Microcystis: In Situ Estimation Using mcyE Gene Gut Content Detection in a Large Temperate Eutrophic Lake

  • Helen Agasild,
  • Margarita Esmeralda Gonzales Ferraz,
  • Madli Saat,
  • Priit Zingel,
  • Kai Piirsoo,
  • Kätlin Blank,
  • Veljo Kisand,
  • Tiina Nõges and
  • Kristel Panksep

16 January 2025

Grazing by zooplankton can regulate bloom-forming cyanobacteria but can also transfer toxin-producing cells, as well as toxic metabolites, to the food web. While laboratory investigations have provided extensive knowledge on zooplankton and toxic cya...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,547 Views
17 Pages

16 January 2025

This study aimed to explore the contamination of aflatoxins by investigating the spatial distribution of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in cow feedstuff and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw milk, and the potential health risks of AFM1 in milk and dairy products. Feed...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,653 Views
20 Pages

Delphi Consensus on the Management of Spanish Patients with Post-Stroke Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain Treated with Botulinum Toxin A: Result Study

  • Carlos Cordero-García,
  • Irene de Torres,
  • Jacobo Formigo-Couceiro,
  • Lluis Guirao,
  • Mª Dolores Romero-Torres,
  • Sergio Otero-Villaverde,
  • Alberto Herrera,
  • Cristina Santa and
  • Antonio Mena-Rodriguez

16 January 2025

The study aimed to identify expert opinions and obtain recommendations on the management of post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) and treatment with botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A). A multicenter Delphi study was conducted using an online survey desi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,912 Views
18 Pages

Fusarium Head Blight in Argentina, a Profile of Produced Mycotoxins and a Biocontrol Strategy in Barley During Micro-Malting Process

  • María Silvina Alaniz-Zanon,
  • Marianela Bossa,
  • Lorenzo Antonio Rosales Cavaglieri,
  • Juan Manuel Palazzini,
  • Michael Sulyok,
  • Sofía Noemí Chulze and
  • María Laura Chiotta

15 January 2025

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the second winter crop in Argentina. In the national market, grains are mainly destined to produce malt for beer manufacture. Fusarium species are common, causing Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in barley, which generates yi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
8,063 Views
13 Pages

A Study of Combined Onabotulinumtoxin A and Hyaluronic Acid Filler for the Treatment of Enlarged Facial Pores

  • Vasanop Vachiramon,
  • Sonphet Chirasuthat,
  • Suphagan Boonpethkaew,
  • Nawara Sakpuwadol,
  • Tanat Yongpisarn and
  • Natthachat Jurairattanaporn

15 January 2025

Introduction: Enlarged facial pores are a common cosmetic concern caused by excessive sebum production, visible hair shafts, and a reduction in skin elasticity, leading to a decrease in skin quality and overall appearance. Various treatment modalitie...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,854 Views
15 Pages

Evaluating Methods for Aflatoxin B1 Monitoring in Selected Food Crops Within Decentralized Agricultural Systems

  • Haadia Tanveer,
  • Hannah Glesener,
  • Blake Su,
  • Brooke Bolsinger,
  • Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown and
  • Lee E. Voth-Gaeddert

14 January 2025

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination of food crops pose severe public health risks, particularly in decentralized agricultural systems common in low-resource settings. Effective monitoring tools are critical for mitigating exposure, but their adoption i...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,321 Views
22 Pages

Venoms and Extracellular Vesicles: A New Frontier in Venom Biology

  • Auwal A. Bala,
  • Naoual Oukkache,
  • Elda E. Sanchez,
  • Montamas Suntravat and
  • Jacob A. Galan

14 January 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticle-sized vesicles secreted by nearly all cell types under normal physiological conditions. In toxicological research, EVs have emerged as a crucial link between public health and multi-omics approaches, offe...

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Toxins - ISSN 2072-6651