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Toxins, Volume 15, Issue 9

2023 September - 73 articles

Cover Story: Vaccine technologies are advancing at a rapid pace. Technologies now include vaccines based on mRNA, attenuated and killed pathogens, recombinant proteins, toxoids, and vectors. Which vaccine technology is the most promising? Current data indicate that the answer to this question largely depends on the nature of the targeted pathogen. Our expanding knowledge of the molecular mechanisms governing pathogenesis and the intricate interactions between pathogens and their hosts is increasingly guiding the development of vaccines that boast enhanced safety and efficacy. As vaccine technologies progressively gravitate towards formulations that are protein-based or based on DNA- or mRNA-encoding proteins, interdisciplinary collaboration among toxicologists, virologists, and molecular biologists is crucial. View this paper
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Articles (73)

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,600 Views
19 Pages

21 September 2023

The venom proteome of Temple Pit Viper (Tropidolaemus wagleri) is unique among pit vipers, characterized by a high abundance of a neurotoxic peptide, waglerin. To further explore the genetic diversity of its toxins, the present study de novo assemble...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,674 Views
20 Pages

Comparing Traditional and Toxin-Oriented Approaches towards Antivenom Production against Bitis arietans Snake Venom

  • Felipe Raimondi Guidolin,
  • Kemily Stephanie de Godoi,
  • Angela Alice Amadeu Megale,
  • Cristiane Castilho Fernandes da Silva,
  • Roberto Tadashi Kodama,
  • Daniela Cajado-Carvalho,
  • Leo Kei Iwai,
  • Patrick Jack Spencer,
  • Fernanda Calheta Vieira Portaro and
  • Wilmar Dias da Silva

20 September 2023

Accidents with snakes are responsible for about 32,000 deaths annually in sub-Saharan Africa, caused mostly by snakes from the genus Bitis, in particular Bitis arietans. B. arietans venom is composed of a complex mixture of toxins, mainly metalloprot...

  • Review
  • Open Access
42 Citations
11,290 Views
38 Pages

Understanding the Risks of Diffusion of Cyanobacteria Toxins in Rivers, Lakes, and Potable Water

  • Amin Mahmood Thawabteh,
  • Hani A Naseef,
  • Donia Karaman,
  • Sabino A. Bufo,
  • Laura Scrano and
  • Rafik Karaman

20 September 2023

Blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria, may be prevalent in our rivers and tap water. These minuscule bacteria can grow swiftly and form blooms in warm, nutrient-rich water. Toxins produced by cyanobacteria can pollute rivers and streams and harm the liv...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
23 Citations
5,518 Views
18 Pages

The Occurrence of Non-Regulated Mycotoxins in Foods: A Systematic Review

  • Octavian Augustin Mihalache,
  • Marthe De Boevre,
  • Luca Dellafiora,
  • Sarah De Saeger,
  • Antonio Moretti,
  • Laetitia Pinson-Gadais,
  • Nadia Ponts,
  • Florence Richard-Forget,
  • Antonia Susca and
  • Chiara Dall’Asta

20 September 2023

The aim of this systematic review is to provide an update on the occurrence and co-occurrence of selected non-regulated mycotoxins and provide an overview of current regulations. Fifteen non-regulated mycotoxins were found in 19 food categories world...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,223 Views
18 Pages

Patulin Stimulates Progenitor Leydig Cell Proliferation but Delays Its Differentiation in Male Rats during Prepuberty

  • Huitao Li,
  • Ming Su,
  • Hang Lin,
  • Jingjing Li,
  • Shaowei Wang,
  • Lei Ye,
  • Xingwang Li and
  • Renshan Ge

20 September 2023

Patulin is a mycotoxin with potential reproductive toxicity. We explored the impact of patulin on Leydig cell (LC) development in male rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats (21 days postpartum) were gavaged patulin at doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg/day for 7...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,142 Views
15 Pages

Effects of a Multi-Component Mycotoxin-Detoxifying Agent on Oxidative Stress, Health and Performance of Sows

  • Vasileios G. Papatsiros,
  • Christos Eliopoulos,
  • Nikolaos Voulgarakis,
  • Dimitrios Arapoglou,
  • Insaf Riahi,
  • Meritxell Sadurní and
  • Georgios I. Papakonstantinou

19 September 2023

This in vivo study aimed to investigate the effects of a multi-component mycotoxin-detoxifying agent, containing clays (bentonite, sepiolite), phytogenic feed additives (curcumin, silymarin) and postbiotics (yeast cell wall, hydrolyzed yeast) on the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,511 Views
13 Pages

Lactobacillus fermentum Alleviates the Colorectal Inflammation Induced by Low-Dose Sub-Chronic Microcystin-LR Exposure

  • Yue Yang,
  • Cong Wen,
  • Shuilin Zheng,
  • Fengmei Song,
  • Ying Liu,
  • Xueqiong Yao,
  • Yan Tang,
  • Xiangling Feng,
  • Jihua Chen and
  • Fei Yang

19 September 2023

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) contamination is a worldwide environmental problem that poses a grave threat to the water ecosystem and public health. Exposure to MC-LR has been associated with the development of intestinal injury, but there are no effective...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,769 Views
14 Pages

18 September 2023

Ageritin from poplar mushrooms is a specific endonuclease that hydrolyzes a single phosphodiester bond located in the sarcin-ricin loop (SRL) of the large rRNA, thereby blocking protein synthesis. Considering the possible biotechnological use of this...

  • Review
  • Open Access
28 Citations
6,258 Views
21 Pages

Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides and Their Main Mycotoxins: Global Distribution and Scenarios of Interactions in Maize

  • Xiangrong Chen,
  • Mohamed F. Abdallah,
  • Sofie Landschoot,
  • Kris Audenaert,
  • Sarah De Saeger,
  • Xiangfeng Chen and
  • Andreja Rajkovic

18 September 2023

Maize is frequently contaminated with multiple mycotoxins, especially those produced by Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides. As mycotoxin contamination is a critical factor that destabilizes global food safety, the current review provides...

  • Review
  • Open Access
44 Citations
11,779 Views
21 Pages

18 September 2023

Dried fruits are popular and nutritious snacks consumed worldwide due to their long shelf life and concentrated nutrient content. However, fruits can be contaminated with various toxigenic fungal species during different stages, including cultivation...

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Toxins - ISSN 2072-6651