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Toxins, Volume 14, Issue 6

June 2022 - 57 articles

Cover Story: The harmful dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum produces potent neurotoxic and cytotoxic toxins, pinnatoxins (PnTX), and portimines (Prtn). The transfer of these toxins in the marine food chain and the dissemination of the microalga cells are essential concerns in understanding its environmental and health impacts. This work provides the first experimental evidence of the ability of a fish, the planktivorous and heavily predated juvenile grey mullet (Liza ramada), to feed on V. rugosum, to accumulate its toxins and to release viable cells through its feces. This highlights its potential to be a vector of toxins to the upper trophic levels and to disseminate toxic microalga in the environment. View this paper
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Articles (57)

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,168 Views
14 Pages

Genotoxicity of 12 Mycotoxins by the SOS/umu Test: Comparison of Liver and Kidney S9 Fraction

  • Maria Alonso-Jauregui,
  • Elena González-Peñas,
  • Adela López de Cerain and
  • Ariane Vettorazzi

10 June 2022

Liver S9 fraction is usually employed in mutagenicity/genotoxicity in vitro assays, but some genotoxic compounds may need another type of bioactivation. In the present work, an alternative S9 fraction from the kidneys was used for the genotoxicity as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,554 Views
16 Pages

Reductive Amination for LC–MS Signal Enhancement and Confirmation of the Presence of Caribbean Ciguatoxin-1 in Fish

  • Fedor Kryuchkov,
  • Alison Robertson,
  • Elizabeth M. Mudge,
  • Christopher O. Miles,
  • Soetkien Van Gothem and
  • Silvio Uhlig

9 June 2022

Ciguatera poisoning is a global health concern caused by the consumption of seafood containing ciguatoxins (CTXs). Detection of CTXs poses significant analytical challenges due to their low abundance even in highly toxic fish, the diverse and in-part...

  • Review
  • Open Access
31 Citations
5,332 Views
15 Pages

Ochratoxin A and Kidney Oxidative Stress: The Role of Nutraceuticals in Veterinary Medicine—A Review

  • Consiglia Longobardi,
  • Gianmarco Ferrara,
  • Emanuela Andretta,
  • Serena Montagnaro,
  • Sara Damiano and
  • Roberto Ciarcia

9 June 2022

The problem of residues of toxic contaminants in food products has assumed considerable importance in terms of food safety. Naturally occurring contaminants, such as mycotoxins, are monitored routinely in the agricultural and food industries. Unfortu...

  • Review
  • Open Access
27 Citations
6,128 Views
19 Pages

Toxic Effects and Tumor Promotion Activity of Marine Phytoplankton Toxins: A Review

  • Biswajita Pradhan,
  • Hansol Kim,
  • Sofia Abassi and
  • Jang-Seu Ki

8 June 2022

Phytoplankton are photosynthetic microorganisms in aquatic environments that produce many bioactive substances. However, some of them are toxic to aquatic organisms via filter-feeding and are even poisonous to humans through the food chain. Human poi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,157 Views
23 Pages

In-Depth Characterization of a Re-Engineered Cholera Toxin Manufacturing Process Using Growth-Decoupled Production in Escherichia coli

  • Natalia Danielewicz,
  • Wenyue Dai,
  • Francesca Rosato,
  • Michael E. Webb,
  • Gerald Striedner,
  • Winfried Römer,
  • W. Bruce Turnbull and
  • Juergen Mairhofer

8 June 2022

Non-toxic derivatives of the cholera toxin are extensively used in neuroscience, as neuronal tracers to reveal the location of cells in the central nervous system. They are, also, being developed as vaccine components and drug-delivery vehicles. Prod...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,782 Views
15 Pages

In Vitro Metabolism of Phenylspirodrimanes Derived from the Indoor Fungus Stachybotrys

  • Viktoria Lindemann,
  • Annika Jagels,
  • Matthias Behrens,
  • Florian Hübner and
  • Hans-Ulrich Humpf

8 June 2022

Fungi belonging to the genus Stachybotrys are frequently detected in water-damaged indoor environments, and a potential correlation between emerging health problems of inhabitants of affected housing and the fungi is controversially discussed. Second...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,151 Views
10 Pages

RNA Interference-Mediated Knockdown of Bombyx mori Haemocyte-Specific Cathepsin L (Cat L)-Like Cysteine Protease Gene Increases Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Toxicity and Reproduction in Insect Cadavers

  • Linlin Yang,
  • Yanyan Sun,
  • Meiling Chang,
  • Yun Zhang,
  • Huili Qiao,
  • Siliang Huang,
  • Yunchao Kan,
  • Lunguang Yao,
  • Dandan Li and
  • Camilo Ayra-Pardo

8 June 2022

The silkworm’s Cat L-like gene, which encodes a lysosomal cathepsin L-like cysteine protease, is thought to be part of the insect’s innate immunity via an as-yet-undetermined mechanism. Assuming that the primary function of Cat L-like is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,642 Views
24 Pages

Simultaneous Removal of Mycotoxins by a New Feed Additive Containing a Tri-Octahedral Smectite Mixed with Lignocellulose

  • Donato Greco,
  • Vito D’Ascanio,
  • Mariagrazia Abbasciano,
  • Elisa Santovito,
  • Antonella Garbetta,
  • Antonio F. Logrieco and
  • Giuseppina Avantaggiato

8 June 2022

Simultaneous removal of mycotoxins has been poorly addressed, and a limited number of studies have reported the efficacy of feed additives in sequestering a large spectrum of mycotoxins. In this study, a new mycotoxin-adsorbing agent was obtained by...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,576 Views
15 Pages

Pore-Forming Cardiotoxin VVA2 (Volvatoxin A2) Variant I82E/L86K Is an Atypical Duplex-Specific Nuclease

  • Jia-Qi Lu,
  • Jia-Wen Shou,
  • Ka-Ching Lo,
  • Yun-Sang Tang,
  • Wei-Wei Shi and
  • Pang-Chui Shaw

6 June 2022

VVA2 (volvatoxin A chain 2) is a cardiotoxic protein purified from Volvariella volvacea. Its biological activities include hemolysis, writhing reaction, neurotoxicity, and ventricular systolic arresting activity. The cytotoxicity of VVA2 was mainly c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,791 Views
13 Pages

Early Light Chains Removal and Albumin Levels with a Double Filter-Based Extracorporeal Treatment for Acute Myeloma Kidney

  • Gabriele Donati,
  • Fulvia Zappulo,
  • Elisa Maietti,
  • Anna Scrivo,
  • Lorenzo Gasperoni,
  • Elena Zamagni,
  • Paola Tacchetti,
  • Lucia Pantani,
  • Olga Baraldi and
  • Giorgia Comai
  • + 3 authors

5 June 2022

Renal impairment in Multiple Myeloma (MM) represents one of the most important factors that influences patient survival. In fact, before the introduction of modern chemotherapy, less than 25% of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and MM who requ...

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Toxins - ISSN 2072-6651