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Toxins
Volume 13
Issue 2
10.3390/toxins13020129
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Article

Lobster Supply Chains Are Not at Risk from Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Accumulation during Wet Storage

by
Alison Turnbull
1,2,*,
Andreas Seger
1,2,
Jessica Jolley
1,
Gustaaf Hallegraeff
2,
Graeme Knowles
3 and
Quinn Fitzgibbon
2
1
South Australian Research and Development Institute, GPO Box 397, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
2
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
3
Animal Health Laboratory DPIPWE Tasmania, 165 Westbury Rd, Prospect, TAS 7250, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxins 2021, 13(2), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13020129
Submission received: 12 January 2021 / Revised: 3 February 2021 / Accepted: 5 February 2021 / Published: 9 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Toxins from Harmful Algae and Seafood Safety)
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Abstract

Lobster species can accumulate paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) in their hepatopancreas following the consumption of toxic prey. The Southern Rock Lobster (SRL), Jasus edwardsii, industry in Tasmania, Australia, and New Zealand, collectively valued at AUD 365 M, actively manages PST risk based on toxin monitoring of lobsters in coastal waters. The SRL supply chain predominantly provides live lobsters, which includes wet holding in fishing vessels, sea-cages, or processing facilities for periods of up to several months. Survival, quality, and safety of this largely exported high-value product is a major consideration for the industry. In a controlled experiment, SRL were exposed to highly toxic cultures of Alexandrium catenella at field relevant concentrations (2 × 105 cells L−1) in an experimental aquaculture facility over a period of 21 days. While significant PST accumulation in the lobster hepatopancreas has been reported in parallel experiments feeding lobsters with toxic mussels, no PST toxin accumulated in this experiment from exposure to toxic algal cells, and no negative impact on lobster health was observed as assessed via a wide range of behavioural, immunological, and physiological measures. We conclude that there is no risk of PST accumulation, nor risk to survival or quality at the point of consumption through exposure to toxic algal cells.
Keywords: lobster health; toxic algae; Alexandrium; Jasus edwardsii lobster health; toxic algae; Alexandrium; Jasus edwardsii

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MDPI and ACS Style

Turnbull, A.; Seger, A.; Jolley, J.; Hallegraeff, G.; Knowles, G.; Fitzgibbon, Q. Lobster Supply Chains Are Not at Risk from Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Accumulation during Wet Storage. Toxins 2021, 13, 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13020129

AMA Style

Turnbull A, Seger A, Jolley J, Hallegraeff G, Knowles G, Fitzgibbon Q. Lobster Supply Chains Are Not at Risk from Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Accumulation during Wet Storage. Toxins. 2021; 13(2):129. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13020129

Chicago/Turabian Style

Turnbull, Alison, Andreas Seger, Jessica Jolley, Gustaaf Hallegraeff, Graeme Knowles, and Quinn Fitzgibbon. 2021. "Lobster Supply Chains Are Not at Risk from Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Accumulation during Wet Storage" Toxins 13, no. 2: 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13020129

APA Style

Turnbull, A., Seger, A., Jolley, J., Hallegraeff, G., Knowles, G., & Fitzgibbon, Q. (2021). Lobster Supply Chains Are Not at Risk from Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Accumulation during Wet Storage. Toxins, 13(2), 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13020129

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