Effects of Diets Supplemented with Branched-Chain Amino Acids on the Performance and Fatigue Mechanisms of Rats Submitted to Prolonged Physical Exercise
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Animals
2.2. Experimental Diets
Ingredients | C ** | S1 ** | S2 ** |
---|---|---|---|
Starch | 620.692 | 584.992 | 573.092 |
Casein (>85% protein) | 140.000 | 140.000 | 140.000 |
Saccharose | 100.000 | 100.000 | 100.000 |
Soy oil | 40.000 | 40.000 | 40.000 |
Fiber (cellulose) | 50.000 | 50.000 | 50.000 |
Mineral mix | 35.000 | 35.000 | 35.000 |
Vitamin mix | 10.000 | 10.000 | 10.000 |
l-Cystine | 1.800 | 1.800 | 1.800 |
Choline bitartrate (41.1% de colina) | 2.500 | 2.500 | 2.500 |
Tert-butylhydroquinone | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 |
l-Isoleucine | - *** | 8.85 | 11.8 |
l-Leucine l | - *** | 16.35 | 21.8 |
l-Valine | - *** | 10.5 | 14.0 |
BCAA total addition | - | 35.7 | 47.6 |
2.3. Training Protocol
2.4. Animal Sacrifice and Sample Collection
2.5. Biochemical Analyses
2.6. Statistical Methods
3. Results
Variables 1 | Control | S1 | S2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1H | EX | 1H | EX | 1H | EX | |
Initial body weight (g) | 238.9 ± 17.1 | 240.5 ± 14.4 | 242.5 ± 7.4 | 240.8 ± 11.9 | 235.9 ± 29.9 | 236.07 ± 26.5 |
Final body weight (g) | 336.6 ± 9.9 | 337.6 ± 27.4 | 340.5 ± 2.5 | 340.5 ± 21.5 | 336.2 ± 20.9 | 337.0 ± 22.9 |
Diet intake (g/day) | 21.6 ± 1.1 | 21.1 ± 0.9 | 21.6 ± 1.0 | 20.7 ± 2.0 | 20.7 ± 1.6 | 21.5 ± 1.5 |
BCAA (mg/day) | 515.5 ± 26.8 a | 502.2 ± 22.4 a | 769.9 ± 35.3 b | 738.6 ± 70.4 b | 985.3 ± 74.8 c | 1022.8 ± 70.5 c |
Variables 1 | Control | S1 | S2 | p 2 | p 3 | p 4 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1H | EX | 1H | EX | 1H | EX | ||||
Plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 144.9 a ± 34.2 | 55.6 b ± 14.0 | 148.2 a ± 12.5 | 60.8 b ± 13.2 | 144.0 a± 15.2 | 55.0 b ± 12.9 | 0.962 | <0.001 | - |
Plasma free fatty acids (mmol/L) | 0.27 ± 0.05 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.29 ± 0.07 | 0.27 ± 0.05 | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.525 | 0.669 | - |
Serum insulin (ng/dL) | 3.03 b,c ± 0.73 | 1.48 a ± 0.30 | 2.89 b,c ± 0.53 | 1.43 a ± 0.28 | 3.58 c ± 0.35 | 2.14 a,b ± 0.27 | 0.002 | <0.001 | - |
Blood lactate (mmol/L) | 14.37 a ± 1.31 | 18.99 b ± 2.59 | 13.97 a ± 1.84 | 18.64 b ± 5.04 | 16.02 a ± 3.19 | 19.21 b ± 4.80 | 0.742 | <0.001 | - |
Liver glycogen (mg/100 mg tissue) | 0.76 a ± 0.16 | 0.10 b ± 0.02 | 0.72 a ± 0.21 | 0.33 b ± 0.04 | 0.79 a ± 0.15 | 0.32 b ± 0.03 b | - | - | <0.001 |
Gastrocnemius muscle glycogen (mg/100 mg tissue) | 0.20 a ± 0.06 | 0.11 b ± 0.03 | 0.24 a ± 0.06 | 0.13 b ± 0.03 | 0.21 a ± 0.05 | 0.10 b ± 0.02 | - | - | <0.001 |
Soleus muscle glycogen (mg/100 mg tissue) | 0.33 a,b ± 0.08 | 0.23 c ± 0.05 | 0.41 b ± 0.02 | 0.33 a,d ± 0.05 | 0.34 a,b ± 0.03 | 0.24 c,d ± 0.03 | <0.001 | <0.001 | - |
Hypothalamic serotonin (pg/mg tissue) | 242.3 a ± 59.6 | 330.5 a,b ± 74.5 | 256.1 a,b ± 52.2 | 321.8 a,b ± 94.9 | 272.8 a,b ± 44.9 | 384.6 b ± 108.6 | 0.359 | 0.011 | - |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
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Falavigna, G.; Junior, J.A.d.A.; Rogero, M.M.; Pires, I.S.d.O.; Pedrosa, R.G.; Junior, E.M.; Castro, I.A.d.; Tirapegui, J. Effects of Diets Supplemented with Branched-Chain Amino Acids on the Performance and Fatigue Mechanisms of Rats Submitted to Prolonged Physical Exercise. Nutrients 2012, 4, 1767-1780. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4111767
Falavigna G, Junior JAdA, Rogero MM, Pires ISdO, Pedrosa RG, Junior EM, Castro IAd, Tirapegui J. Effects of Diets Supplemented with Branched-Chain Amino Acids on the Performance and Fatigue Mechanisms of Rats Submitted to Prolonged Physical Exercise. Nutrients. 2012; 4(11):1767-1780. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4111767
Chicago/Turabian StyleFalavigna, Gina, Jonas Alves de Araújo Junior, Marcelo Macedo Rogero, Ivanir Santana de Oliveira Pires, Rogério Graça Pedrosa, Eivor Martins Junior, Inar Alves de Castro, and Julio Tirapegui. 2012. "Effects of Diets Supplemented with Branched-Chain Amino Acids on the Performance and Fatigue Mechanisms of Rats Submitted to Prolonged Physical Exercise" Nutrients 4, no. 11: 1767-1780. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4111767