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Nutrients
Volume 15
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Review

Effects of Unconventional Work and Shift Work on the Human Gut Microbiota and the Potential of Probiotics to Restore Dysbiosis

by
Aroa Lopez-Santamarina
1,
Alicia del Carmen Mondragon
1,
Alejandra Cardelle-Cobas
1,
Eva Maria Santos
2,
Jose Julio Porto-Arias
1,
Alberto Cepeda
1,* and
Jose Manuel Miranda
1
1
Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
2
Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, Pachuca 42076, Hidalgo, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2023, 15(13), 3070; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15133070
Submission received: 19 June 2023 / Revised: 5 July 2023 / Accepted: 6 July 2023 / Published: 7 July 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Environment and Its Effects on Human Nutrition and Health)
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Abstract

The work environment is a factor that can significantly influence the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota of workers, in many cases leading to gut dysbiosis that will result in serious health problems. The aim of this paper was to provide a compilation of the different studies that have examined the influence of jobs with unconventional work schedules and environments on the gut microbiota of workers performing such work. As a possible solution, probiotic supplements, via modulation of the gut microbiota, can moderate the effects of sleep disturbance on the immune system, as well as restore the dysbiosis produced. Rotating shift work has been found to be associated with an increase in the risk of various metabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Sleep disturbance or lack of sleep due to night work is also associated with metabolic diseases. In addition, sleep disturbance induces a stress response, both physiologically and psychologically, and disrupts the healthy functioning of the gut microbiota, thus triggering an inflammatory state. Other workers, including military, healthcare, or metallurgy workers, as well as livestock farmers or long-travel seamen, work in environments and schedules that can significantly affect their gut microbiota.
Keywords: workers; gut microbiota; military; seafarers; healthcare; farmers; probiotics workers; gut microbiota; military; seafarers; healthcare; farmers; probiotics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lopez-Santamarina, A.; Mondragon, A.d.C.; Cardelle-Cobas, A.; Santos, E.M.; Porto-Arias, J.J.; Cepeda, A.; Miranda, J.M. Effects of Unconventional Work and Shift Work on the Human Gut Microbiota and the Potential of Probiotics to Restore Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3070. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15133070

AMA Style

Lopez-Santamarina A, Mondragon AdC, Cardelle-Cobas A, Santos EM, Porto-Arias JJ, Cepeda A, Miranda JM. Effects of Unconventional Work and Shift Work on the Human Gut Microbiota and the Potential of Probiotics to Restore Dysbiosis. Nutrients. 2023; 15(13):3070. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15133070

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lopez-Santamarina, Aroa, Alicia del Carmen Mondragon, Alejandra Cardelle-Cobas, Eva Maria Santos, Jose Julio Porto-Arias, Alberto Cepeda, and Jose Manuel Miranda. 2023. "Effects of Unconventional Work and Shift Work on the Human Gut Microbiota and the Potential of Probiotics to Restore Dysbiosis" Nutrients 15, no. 13: 3070. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15133070

APA Style

Lopez-Santamarina, A., Mondragon, A. d. C., Cardelle-Cobas, A., Santos, E. M., Porto-Arias, J. J., Cepeda, A., & Miranda, J. M. (2023). Effects of Unconventional Work and Shift Work on the Human Gut Microbiota and the Potential of Probiotics to Restore Dysbiosis. Nutrients, 15(13), 3070. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15133070

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