Inadequate Iodine Intake in Population Groups Defined by Age, Life Stage and Vegetarian Dietary Practice in a Norwegian Convenience Sample
by
Anne Lise Brantsæter 1,*
, Helle Katrine Knutsen 1, Nina Cathrine Johansen 2, Kristine Aastad Nyheim 2, Iris Erlund 3, Helle Margrete Meltzer 1 and Sigrun Henjum 2
Anne Lise Brantsæter 1,*, Helle Katrine Knutsen 1, Nina Cathrine Johansen 2, Kristine Aastad Nyheim 2, Iris Erlund 3, Helle Margrete Meltzer 1 and Sigrun Henjum 2
1
Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway
2
Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo 0310, Norway
3
Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2018, 10(2), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10020230
Received: 29 December 2017 / Revised: 9 February 2018 / Accepted: 14 February 2018 / Published: 17 February 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Iodine and Health throughout the Lifecourse)
Inadequate iodine intake has been identified in populations considered iodine replete for decades. The objective of the current study is to evaluate urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and the probability of adequate iodine intake in subgroups of the Norwegian population defined by age, life stage and vegetarian dietary practice. In a cross-sectional survey, we assessed the probability of adequate iodine intake by two 24-h food diaries and UIC from two fasting morning spot urine samples in 276 participants. The participants included children (n = 47), adolescents (n = 46), adults (n = 71), the elderly (n = 23), pregnant women (n = 45), ovo-lacto vegetarians (n = 25), and vegans (n = 19). In all participants combined, the median (95% CI) UIC was 101 (90, 110) µg/L, median (25th, 75th percentile) calculated iodine intake was 112 (77, 175) µg/day and median (25th, 75th percentile) estimated usual iodine intake was 101 (75, 150) µg/day. According to WHOs criteria for evaluation of median UIC, iodine intake was inadequate in the elderly, pregnant women, vegans and non-pregnant women of childbearing age. Children had the highest (82%) and vegans the lowest (14%) probability of adequate iodine intake according to reported food and supplement intakes. This study confirms the need for monitoring iodine intake and status in nationally representative study samples in Norway.
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Keywords:
iodine status; urinary iodine concentration; probability of adequate iodine intake; iodine-supplement use; children; adolescents; elderly; pregnant; vegetarians; vegans
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Brantsæter, A.L.; Knutsen, H.K.; Johansen, N.C.; Nyheim, K.A.; Erlund, I.; Meltzer, H.M.; Henjum, S. Inadequate Iodine Intake in Population Groups Defined by Age, Life Stage and Vegetarian Dietary Practice in a Norwegian Convenience Sample. Nutrients 2018, 10, 230.
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