The rising global demand for medicinal cannabis necessitates the optimization of cultivation, harvesting, and extraction techniques to maximize cannabinoid yield and purity. This study investigates the Foi Thong Phu Pha Yon strain under controlled environmental conditions, evaluating the effects of temperature, humidity, CO
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The rising global demand for medicinal cannabis necessitates the optimization of cultivation, harvesting, and extraction techniques to maximize cannabinoid yield and purity. This study investigates the Foi Thong Phu Pha Yon strain under controlled environmental conditions, evaluating the effects of temperature, humidity, CO
2 concentration, and light exposure on plant growth and cannabinoid biosynthesis. A total of 170 seeds were germinated, with an 85% germination success rate, and various growth strategies, including soil composition, nutrient application, and irrigation methods, were tested to determine the most effective approach. The research findings indicate that vegetative growth was optimal at 27 °C, 70% humidity, and 1200 ppm CO
2 while flowering required a reduced temperature (22 °C), lower humidity (50%), and elevated CO
2 levels (1900 ppm) to enhance cannabinoid production and prevent disease. Furthermore, harvest timing significantly influenced CBD yield, with peak cannabinoid content observed when 80% of trichomes were cloudy white. Over two growing cycles, this study produced 43,200 g of fresh buds, resulting in 7560 g of dried cannabis buds. The extraction process, utilizing dynamic maceration with 95% ethanol, followed by winterization and chromatography, yielded 2343.60 g of cannabis extract, including 589.68 g of CBD, with an average purity of 86.599%. Advanced techniques such as flash chromatography and distillation further refined the CBD isolate, ensuring pharmaceutical-grade quality. These findings highlight the effectiveness of precise environmental control, strategic harvesting, and advanced extraction methodologies in optimizing cannabis production. This research provides valuable insights for agricultural researchers, policymakers, and the pharmaceutical industry, supporting sustainable cultivation practices and improved product quality in the expanding medicinal cannabis market.
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