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10.3390/ma17112615
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Article

Fenton-like Degradation of Methylene Blue on Attapulgite Clay Composite by Loading of Iron–Oxide: Eco-Friendly Preparation and Its Catalytic Activity

by
Naveed Karim
1,
Tin Kyawoo
1,
Chao Jiang
1,
Saeed Ahmed
2,
Weiliang Tian
3,
Huiyu Li
1,* and
Yongjun Feng
1,3,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Chakwal, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan
3
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2024, 17(11), 2615; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17112615
Submission received: 10 April 2024 / Revised: 26 May 2024 / Accepted: 27 May 2024 / Published: 29 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Applications of Functional Materials, Volume II)
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Abstract

The continuous discharge of organic dyes into freshwater resources poses a long-term hazard to aquatic life. The advanced oxidation Fenton process is a combo of adsorption and degradation of pollutants to detoxify toxic effluents, such as anti-bacterial drugs, antibiotics, and organic dyes. In this work, an activated attapulgite clay-loaded iron-oxide (A-ATP@Fe3O4) was produced using a two-step reaction, in which attapulgite serves as an enrichment matrix and Fe3O4 functions as the active degrading component. The maximum adsorption capacity (qt) was determined by assessing the effect of temperature, pH H2O2, and adsorbent. The results showed that the A-ATP@Fe3O4 achieves the highest removal rate of 99.6% under optimum conditions: 40 °C, pH = 3, H2O2 25 mM, and 0.1 g dosage of the composite. The dye removal procedure achieved adsorption and degradation equilibrium in 120 and 30 min, respectively, by following the same processes as the advanced oxidation approach. Catalytic activity, kinetics, and specified surface characteristics suggest that A-ATP@Fe3O4 is one of the most promising candidates for advanced oxidation-enrooted removal of organic dyes.
Keywords: methylene blue; Fenton oxidation; adsorption kinetics; attapulgite; iron–oxide methylene blue; Fenton oxidation; adsorption kinetics; attapulgite; iron–oxide

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MDPI and ACS Style

Karim, N.; Kyawoo, T.; Jiang, C.; Ahmed, S.; Tian, W.; Li, H.; Feng, Y. Fenton-like Degradation of Methylene Blue on Attapulgite Clay Composite by Loading of Iron–Oxide: Eco-Friendly Preparation and Its Catalytic Activity. Materials 2024, 17, 2615. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17112615

AMA Style

Karim N, Kyawoo T, Jiang C, Ahmed S, Tian W, Li H, Feng Y. Fenton-like Degradation of Methylene Blue on Attapulgite Clay Composite by Loading of Iron–Oxide: Eco-Friendly Preparation and Its Catalytic Activity. Materials. 2024; 17(11):2615. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17112615

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karim, Naveed, Tin Kyawoo, Chao Jiang, Saeed Ahmed, Weiliang Tian, Huiyu Li, and Yongjun Feng. 2024. "Fenton-like Degradation of Methylene Blue on Attapulgite Clay Composite by Loading of Iron–Oxide: Eco-Friendly Preparation and Its Catalytic Activity" Materials 17, no. 11: 2615. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17112615

APA Style

Karim, N., Kyawoo, T., Jiang, C., Ahmed, S., Tian, W., Li, H., & Feng, Y. (2024). Fenton-like Degradation of Methylene Blue on Attapulgite Clay Composite by Loading of Iron–Oxide: Eco-Friendly Preparation and Its Catalytic Activity. Materials, 17(11), 2615. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17112615

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