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10.3390/ma15082760
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Article

Effects of the Water/Cement Ratio on the Properties of 3-3 Type Cement-Based Piezoelectric Composites

by
Jian-hong Wang
,
Hao-xin Sun
,
Ying-ge Dong
,
Zhi Cheng
and
Wei Liu
*
School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2022, 15(8), 2760; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082760
Submission received: 15 February 2022 / Revised: 24 March 2022 / Accepted: 29 March 2022 / Published: 8 April 2022
(This article belongs to the Topic Innovative Construction and Building Materials)
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Abstract

In this work, 3-3 type porous lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics were fabricated by incorporating particle-stabilized foams using the gel-casting method. Then, Portland cement pastes with different water/cement ratios (w/c) were cast into the porous ceramics to produce cement-based piezoelectric (PZT-PC) composites. The effects of w/c on phase structure, microscopic morphology, and electrical properties were studied. The results showed that the amount of hydrated cement products and the density of the PZT–PC composites increased with the increase of w/c from 0.3 to 0.9 and then decreased till w/c achieved a value of 1.1. Correspondingly, the values of both εr and d33 increased with the density of the PZT–PC composites, resulting in less defects and greater poling efficiency. When w/c was maintained at 0.9, the 3-3 type cement-based piezoelectric composites presented the greatest Kt value of 40.14% and the lowest Z value of 6.98 MRayls, becoming suitable for applications in civil engineering for structural health monitoring.
Keywords: 3-3 type cement-based piezoelectric composites; water/cement ratio; microstructure; electromechanical properties; electrical properties 3-3 type cement-based piezoelectric composites; water/cement ratio; microstructure; electromechanical properties; electrical properties

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, J.-h.; Sun, H.-x.; Dong, Y.-g.; Cheng, Z.; Liu, W. Effects of the Water/Cement Ratio on the Properties of 3-3 Type Cement-Based Piezoelectric Composites. Materials 2022, 15, 2760. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082760

AMA Style

Wang J-h, Sun H-x, Dong Y-g, Cheng Z, Liu W. Effects of the Water/Cement Ratio on the Properties of 3-3 Type Cement-Based Piezoelectric Composites. Materials. 2022; 15(8):2760. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082760

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Jian-hong, Hao-xin Sun, Ying-ge Dong, Zhi Cheng, and Wei Liu. 2022. "Effects of the Water/Cement Ratio on the Properties of 3-3 Type Cement-Based Piezoelectric Composites" Materials 15, no. 8: 2760. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082760

APA Style

Wang, J.-h., Sun, H.-x., Dong, Y.-g., Cheng, Z., & Liu, W. (2022). Effects of the Water/Cement Ratio on the Properties of 3-3 Type Cement-Based Piezoelectric Composites. Materials, 15(8), 2760. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082760

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