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Volume 19
Issue 22
10.3390/ijerph192214765
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Article

Socializing with Smoker and Social Smoking Behavior among Chinese Male Smokers with Low Nicotine Dependence: The Mediating Roles of Belief of Smoking Rationalization and Smoker Identity

by
Yuhan Zhang
1,2,
Jiayu Wang
1,2,
Keying Lai
1,2,
Hankun Bian
1,2,
Haide Chen
1,2,* and
Lingfeng Gao
1,2,*
1
College of Education and Human Development, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
2
Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 14765; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214765
Submission received: 15 August 2022 / Revised: 5 November 2022 / Accepted: 8 November 2022 / Published: 10 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Health Communication and Informatics)
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Abstract

Background: Previous studies have shown that socializing with other smokers is an essential trigger for social smoking among smokers with a low nicotine dependence. This study further explored the mediating effects of the belief of smoking rationalization and smoker identity on the relationship between socializing with smokers and social smoking behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted. A total of 696 low-nicotine-dependent smokers in China completed questionnaires that assessed socializing with smokers, social smoking behavior, smoker identity, and the belief of smoking rationalization. The mediating roles of the belief of smoking rationalization and smoker identity on the relationship between socializing with smokers and social smoking behavior were assessed by using SPSS 23 and AMOS 23. Results: The belief of smoking rationalization, smoker identity, socializing with smokers, and social smoking behavior were significantly and positively correlated with each other. In addition, this study found an independently mediated role for smoker identity in the relationship with smoker socialization and social smoking behavior, and a sequentially mediated role for smoking rationalization and smoker identity in this relationship. Conclusion: Reducing the belief of smoking rationalization and smoker identity may be conducive to reducing social smoking behavior for low-nicotine-dependent smokers when socializing with other smokers.
Keywords: social smoking behavior; socializing with smokers; belief of smoking rationalization; smoker identity; smokers with low nicotine dependence social smoking behavior; socializing with smokers; belief of smoking rationalization; smoker identity; smokers with low nicotine dependence

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, Y.; Wang, J.; Lai, K.; Bian, H.; Chen, H.; Gao, L. Socializing with Smoker and Social Smoking Behavior among Chinese Male Smokers with Low Nicotine Dependence: The Mediating Roles of Belief of Smoking Rationalization and Smoker Identity. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 14765. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214765

AMA Style

Zhang Y, Wang J, Lai K, Bian H, Chen H, Gao L. Socializing with Smoker and Social Smoking Behavior among Chinese Male Smokers with Low Nicotine Dependence: The Mediating Roles of Belief of Smoking Rationalization and Smoker Identity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(22):14765. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214765

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Yuhan, Jiayu Wang, Keying Lai, Hankun Bian, Haide Chen, and Lingfeng Gao. 2022. "Socializing with Smoker and Social Smoking Behavior among Chinese Male Smokers with Low Nicotine Dependence: The Mediating Roles of Belief of Smoking Rationalization and Smoker Identity" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22: 14765. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214765

APA Style

Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Lai, K., Bian, H., Chen, H., & Gao, L. (2022). Socializing with Smoker and Social Smoking Behavior among Chinese Male Smokers with Low Nicotine Dependence: The Mediating Roles of Belief of Smoking Rationalization and Smoker Identity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 14765. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214765

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