Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Implantation of Intra-Cardiac Devices in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients in the Western of Romania
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Group
2.2. Methods
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Feral-Pierssens, A.-L.; Claret, P.-G.; Chouihed, T. Collateral Damage of the COVID-19 Outbreak: Expression of Concern. Eur. J. Emerg. Med. 2020, 27, 233–234. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Goyal, P.; Choi, J.J.; Pinheiro, L.C.; Schenck, E.J.; Chen, R.; Jabri, A.; Satlin, M.J.; Campion, T.R.; Nahid, M.; Ringel, J.B.; et al. Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in New York City. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020, 382, 2372–2374. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- ESC Guidance for the Diagnosis and Management of CV Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Available online: https://www.escardio.org/Education/COVID-19-and-Cardiology/ESC-COVID-19-Guidance (accessed on 30 January 2021).
- Ahmed, F.Z.; Crosbie, C.; Kahn, M.; Motwani, M. Protecting the Most Vulnerable during COVID-19 and beyond: A Case Report on the Remote Management of Heart Failure Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices. Eur. Heart J. Case Rep. 2020, 4, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huynh, K. Reduced Hospital Admissions for ACS—More Collateral Damage from COVID-19. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 2020, 17, 453. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Masroor, S. Collateral Damage of COVID-19 Pandemic: Delayed Medical Care. J. Card. Surg. 2020, 35, 1345–1347. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kansagra, A.P.; Goyal, M.S.; Hamilton, S.; Albers, G.W. Collateral Effect of Covid-19 on Stroke Evaluation in the United States. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020, 383, 400–401. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lakkireddy, D.R.; Chung, M.K.; Gopinathannair, R.; Patton, K.K.; Gluckman, T.J.; Turagam, M.; Cheung, J.W.; Patel, P.; Sotomonte, J.; Lampert, R.; et al. Guidance for Cardiac Electrophysiology during the COVID-19 Pandemic from the Heart Rhythm Society COVID-19 Task Force; Electrophysiology Section of the American College of Cardiology; and the Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association. Heart Rhythm 2020, 17, e233–e241. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zaleski, A.L.; Taylor, B.A.; McKay, R.G.; Thompson, P.D. Declines in Acute Cardiovascular Emergencies During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am. J. Cardiol. 2020, 129, 124–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- De Rosa, S.; Spaccarotella, C.; Basso, C.; Pia Calabro, M.; Curcio, A.; Perrone Filardi, P.; Mancone, M.; Mercuro, G.; Muscoli, S.; Nodari, S.; et al. Corrigendum to: Reduction of Hospitalizations for Myocardial Infarction in Italy in the COVID-19 Era. Eur. Heart J. 2021, 42, 322. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pfister, R.; Michels, G.; Cairns, R.; Schneider, C.A.; Erdmann, E. Incidence of New Onset Bundle Branch Block and Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Macrovascular Disease: An Analysis of the PROactive Study. Int. J. Cardiol. 2011, 153, 233–234. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Movahed, M.-R.; Hashemzadeh, M.; Jamal, M.M. Increased Prevalence of Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block in Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Chest 2005, 128, 2611–2614. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Agarwal, G.; Singh, S. Arrhythmias in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab. 2017, 21, 715–718. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dalgaard, F.; Ruwald, M.H.; Lindhardt, T.B.; Gislason, G.H.; Torp-Pedersen, C.; Pallisgaard, J.L. Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Permanent Pacemaker: Temporal Changes in Patient Characteristics and Pharmacotherapy. PLoS ONE 2018, 13, e0195175. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- On behalf of the Israeli Working Group of Pacing and EP; Steiner, H.; Geist, M.; Goldenberg, I.; Suleiman, M.; Glikson, M.; Tenenbaum, A.; Swissa, M.; Fisman, E.Z.; Golovchiner, G.; et al. Characteristics and Outcomes of Diabetic Patients with an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator in a Real World Setting: Results from the Israeli ICD Registry. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 2016, 15, 160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Gadler, F.; Valzania, C.; Linde, C. Current Use of Implantable Electrical Devices in Sweden: Data from the Swedish Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry. Europace 2015, 17, 69–77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shahreyar, M.; Mupiddi, V.; Choudhuri, I.; Sra, J.; Tajik, A.J.; Jahangir, A. Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Diabetics: Efficacy and Safety in Patients at Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death. Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther. 2015, 13, 897–906. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Gonzales-Luna, A.C.; Torres-Valencia, J.O.; Alarcón-Santos, J.E.; Segura-Saldaña, P.A. Impact of COVID-19 on Pacemaker Implant. J. Arrhythm. 2020, 36, 845–848. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Migliore, F.; Zorzi, A.; Gregori, D.; Del Monte, A.; Falzone, P.V.; Verlato, R.; Siciliano, M.; Themistoclakis, S.; China, P.; Marchese, D.; et al. Urgent Pacemaker Implantation Rates in the Veneto Region of Italy After the COVID-19 Outbreak. Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 2020, 13, e008722. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kerola, T.; Eranti, A.; Aro, A.L.; Haukilahti, M.A.; Holkeri, A.; Junttila, M.J.; Kenttä, T.V.; Rissanen, H.; Vittinghoff, E.; Knekt, P.; et al. Risk Factors Associated With Atrioventricular Block. JAMA Netw. Open 2019, 2, e194176. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Román-Pintos, L.M.; Villegas-Rivera, G.; Rodríguez-Carrizalez, A.D.; Miranda-Díaz, A.G.; Cardona-Muñoz, E.G. Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Function. J. Diabetes Res. 2016, 2016, 1–16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sifuentes-Franco, S.; Pacheco-Moisés, F.P.; Rodríguez-Carrizalez, A.D.; Miranda-Díaz, A.G. The Role of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function, and Autophagy in Diabetic Polyneuropathy. J. Diabetes Res. 2017, 2017, 1–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Morani, G.; Gasparini, M.; Zanon, F.; Casali, E.; Spotti, A.; Reggiani, A.; Bertaglia, E.; Solimene, F.; Molon, G.; Accogli, M.; et al. Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy-Defibrillator Improves Long-Term Survival Compared with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy-Pacemaker in Patients with a Class IA Indication for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Data from the Contak Italian Registry. Europace 2013, 15, 1273–1279. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Boriani, G.; Palmisano, P.; Guerra, F.; Bertini, M.; Zanotto, G.; Lavalle, C.; Notarstefano, P.; Accogli, M.; Bisignani, G.; Forleo, G.B.; et al. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical Activities Related to Arrhythmias and Electrophysiology in Italy: Results of a Survey Promoted by AIAC (Italian Association of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing). Intern. Emerg. Med. 2020, 15, 1445–1456. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Karagöz, A.; Keskin, B.; Kültürsay, B.; Ceneli, D.; Akbal, O.Y.; Tokgoz, H.C.; Tanyeri, S.; Efe, S.Ç.; Dogan, C.; Bayram, Z.; et al. Temporal Association of Contamination Obsession on the Prehospital Delay of STEMI during COVID-19 Pandemic. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 2021, 43, 134–141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Characteristics | Patients with DM | Patients without DM | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018–44P | 2019–55P | 2020–9P | 2018–110P | 2019–142P | 2020–26P | ||
Male gender | 29–65.9% | 34–61.81% | 5–55.55% | 69–62.72% | 89–62.69% | 19–73.07% | NS |
Mean age (years) | 67.27 ± 10.3 | 66.65 ± 9.76 | 64 ± 6.22 | 69.35 ± 13 | 69.8 ± 12.22 | 67.53 ± 12 | 0.022 |
Pacemakers: | 32–72.72% | 35–63.63% | 8–88.88% | 88–80% | 110–77.46% | 18–69.23% | <0.001 |
single-chamber | 15–46.87% | 16–45.71% | 4–50% | 55–62.5% | 54–% | 10–55.55% | NS |
dual-chamber | 17–53.12% | 19–54.28% | 4–50% | 33–37.5% | 56–% | 8–44.44% | NS |
New implants | 12–37.5% | 14–40% | 6–75% | 37–42.04% | 46–% | 13–72.22% | NS |
Main indication for pacemaker: | |||||||
AVB | 16–50% | 20–57.14% | 3–37.5% | 39–44.31% | 65–52.52% | 9–50% | NS |
SSS | 8–25% | 11–31.42% | 3–37.5% | 24–27.27% | 28–26.26% | 8–44.44% | NS |
CSHS | 1–3.12% | - | - | 3–3.4% | 3–3.03% | 1–5.55% | NS |
Slow AF | 7–21.87% | 4–11.42% | 2–25% | 12–13.63% | 14–18.18% | - | NS |
Resynchronization therapy: | 10–22.72% | 16–29.09% | - | 15–13.63% | 17–11.97% | 3–11.53% | 0.002 |
New implants | 3–30% | 4–25% | - | 6–40% | 8–43.75% | 3–100% | NS |
Implantable cardioverter: | 2–4.54% | 4–7.27% | 1–11.11^ | 7–6.36% | 15–8.73% | 5–19.23% | NS |
New implants | 1–50% | 1–25% | 0 | 2–28.57% | 5–27.27% | 1–20% | NS |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Pescariu, S.A.; Tudoran, C.; Pop, G.N.; Pescariu, S.; Timar, R.Z.; Tudoran, M. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Implantation of Intra-Cardiac Devices in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients in the Western of Romania. Medicina 2021, 57, 441. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57050441
Pescariu SA, Tudoran C, Pop GN, Pescariu S, Timar RZ, Tudoran M. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Implantation of Intra-Cardiac Devices in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients in the Western of Romania. Medicina. 2021; 57(5):441. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57050441
Chicago/Turabian StylePescariu, Silvius Alexandru, Cristina Tudoran, Gheorghe Nicusor Pop, Sorin Pescariu, Romulus Zorin Timar, and Mariana Tudoran. 2021. "Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Implantation of Intra-Cardiac Devices in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients in the Western of Romania" Medicina 57, no. 5: 441. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57050441