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Review

A Comprehensive Exploration of the Transcriptomic Landscape in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review

by
Luigi Chiricosta
,
Santino Blando
,
Simone D’Angiolini
,
Agnese Gugliandolo
and
Emanuela Mazzon
*
IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(2), 1448; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021448
Submission received: 14 November 2022 / Revised: 29 December 2022 / Accepted: 9 January 2023 / Published: 11 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transcriptomics and Diseases)
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Abstract

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is, to date, an incurable disease of the nervous system characterized by demyelination. Several genetic mutations are associated with the disease but they are not able to explain all the diagnosticated cases. Thus, it is suggested that altered gene expression may play a role in human pathologies. In this review, we explored the role of the transcriptomic profile in MS to investigate the main altered biological processes and pathways involved in the disease. Herein, we focused our attention on RNA-seq methods that in recent years are producing a huge amount of data rapidly replacing microarrays, both with bulk and single-cells. The studies evidenced that different MS stages have specific molecular signatures and non-coding RNAs may play a key role in the disease. Sex-dependence was observed before and after treatments used to alleviate symptomatology activating different biological processes in a drug-dependent manner. New pathways, such as neddylation, were found deregulated in MS and inflammation was linked to neuron degeneration areas through spatial transcriptomics. It is evident that the use of RNA-seq in the study of complex pathologies, such as MS, is a valid strategy to shed light on new involved mechanisms.
Keywords: multiple sclerosis; human analysis; non-coding RNAs; transcriptomic analysis; RNA-seq; spatial transcriptomics multiple sclerosis; human analysis; non-coding RNAs; transcriptomic analysis; RNA-seq; spatial transcriptomics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chiricosta, L.; Blando, S.; D’Angiolini, S.; Gugliandolo, A.; Mazzon, E. A Comprehensive Exploration of the Transcriptomic Landscape in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 1448. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021448

AMA Style

Chiricosta L, Blando S, D’Angiolini S, Gugliandolo A, Mazzon E. A Comprehensive Exploration of the Transcriptomic Landscape in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(2):1448. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021448

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiricosta, Luigi, Santino Blando, Simone D’Angiolini, Agnese Gugliandolo, and Emanuela Mazzon. 2023. "A Comprehensive Exploration of the Transcriptomic Landscape in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2: 1448. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021448

APA Style

Chiricosta, L., Blando, S., D’Angiolini, S., Gugliandolo, A., & Mazzon, E. (2023). A Comprehensive Exploration of the Transcriptomic Landscape in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(2), 1448. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021448

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