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Volume 21
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10.3390/ijms21207476
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Article

Effects of Plasma Treatment on the Bioactivity of Alkali-Treated Ceria-Stabilised Zirconia/Alumina Nanocomposite (NANOZR)

by
Seiji Takao
1,
Satoshi Komasa
1,*,
Akinori Agariguchi
1,
Tetsuji Kusumoto
2,
Giuseppe Pezzotti
3 and
Joji Okazaki
1
1
Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
2
Department of Japan Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University, 1-4-4, Makino-honmachi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
3
Ceramic Physics Laboratory and Research Institute for Nanoscience, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(20), 7476; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207476
Submission received: 15 September 2020 / Revised: 27 September 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 / Published: 10 October 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Bioactives and Nutraceuticals)
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Abstract

Zirconia ceramics such as ceria-stabilized zirconia/alumina nanocomposites (nano-ZR) are applied as implant materials due to their excellent mechanical properties. However, surface treatment is required to obtain sufficient biocompatibility. In the present study, we explored the material surface functionalization and assessed the initial adhesion of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, their osteogenic differentiation, and production of hard tissue, on plasma-treated alkali-modified nano-ZR. Superhydrophilicity was observed on the plasma-treated surface of alkali-treated nano-ZR along with hydroxide formation and reduced surface carbon. A decreased contact angle was also observed as nano-ZR attained an appropriate wettability index. Treated samples showed higher in vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption, initial adhesion of bone marrow and endothelial vascular cells, high alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased expression of bone differentiation-related factors. Furthermore, the in vivo performance of treated nano-ZR was evaluated by implantation in the femur of male Sprague–Dawley rats. The results showed that the amount of bone formed after the plasma treatment of alkali-modified nano-ZR was higher than that of untreated nano-ZR. Thus, induction of superhydrophilicity in nano-ZR via atmospheric pressure plasma treatment affects bone marrow and vascular cell adhesion and promotes bone formation without altering other surface properties.
Keywords: Ce-stabilised zirconia/alumina nanocomposite; plasma treatment; implant; bone; surface roughness; superhydrophilicity Ce-stabilised zirconia/alumina nanocomposite; plasma treatment; implant; bone; surface roughness; superhydrophilicity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Takao, S.; Komasa, S.; Agariguchi, A.; Kusumoto, T.; Pezzotti, G.; Okazaki, J. Effects of Plasma Treatment on the Bioactivity of Alkali-Treated Ceria-Stabilised Zirconia/Alumina Nanocomposite (NANOZR). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7476. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207476

AMA Style

Takao S, Komasa S, Agariguchi A, Kusumoto T, Pezzotti G, Okazaki J. Effects of Plasma Treatment on the Bioactivity of Alkali-Treated Ceria-Stabilised Zirconia/Alumina Nanocomposite (NANOZR). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(20):7476. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207476

Chicago/Turabian Style

Takao, Seiji, Satoshi Komasa, Akinori Agariguchi, Tetsuji Kusumoto, Giuseppe Pezzotti, and Joji Okazaki. 2020. "Effects of Plasma Treatment on the Bioactivity of Alkali-Treated Ceria-Stabilised Zirconia/Alumina Nanocomposite (NANOZR)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 20: 7476. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207476

APA Style

Takao, S., Komasa, S., Agariguchi, A., Kusumoto, T., Pezzotti, G., & Okazaki, J. (2020). Effects of Plasma Treatment on the Bioactivity of Alkali-Treated Ceria-Stabilised Zirconia/Alumina Nanocomposite (NANOZR). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(20), 7476. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207476

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