Mechanisms of the Metabolic Shift during Somatic Cell Reprogramming
Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(9), 2254; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092254
Received: 1 April 2019 / Revised: 25 April 2019 / Accepted: 6 May 2019 / Published: 7 May 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell Reprogramming, II)
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), hold a huge promise for regenerative medicine, drug development, and disease modeling. PSCs have unique metabolic features that are akin to those of cancer cells, in which glycolysis predominates to produce energy as well as building blocks for cellular components. Recent studies indicate that the unique metabolism in PSCs is not a mere consequence of their preference for a low oxygen environment, but is an active process for maintaining self-renewal and pluripotency, possibly in preparation for rapid response to the metabolic demands of differentiation. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of this unique metabolism in PSCs is essential for proper derivation, generation, and maintenance of PSCs. In this review, we discuss the metabolic features of PSCs and describe the current understanding of the mechanisms of the metabolic shift during reprogramming from somatic cells to iPSCs, in which the metabolism switches from oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) to glycolysis.
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Keywords:
PSC; ESC; iPSC; somatic cell reprogramming; metabolism; mitochondrion; OxPhos: glycolysis; hypoxia
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Nishimura, K.; Fukuda, A.; Hisatake, K. Mechanisms of the Metabolic Shift during Somatic Cell Reprogramming. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 2254. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092254
AMA Style
Nishimura K, Fukuda A, Hisatake K. Mechanisms of the Metabolic Shift during Somatic Cell Reprogramming. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(9):2254. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092254
Chicago/Turabian StyleNishimura, Ken; Fukuda, Aya; Hisatake, Koji. 2019. "Mechanisms of the Metabolic Shift during Somatic Cell Reprogramming" Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20, no. 9: 2254. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092254
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