Pro-Apoptotic Effect of Rice Bran Inositol Hexaphosphate (IP6) on HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells
by
Nurul Husna Shafie 1, Norhaizan Mohd Esa 1,2,*, Hairuszah Ithnin 3,4, Norazalina Saad 3 and Ashok Kumar Pandurangan 2
Nurul Husna Shafie 1, Norhaizan Mohd Esa 1,2,*, Hairuszah Ithnin 3,4, Norazalina Saad 3 and Ashok Kumar Pandurangan 2
1
Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
3
UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
4
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14(12), 23545-23558; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms141223545
Received: 11 October 2013 / Revised: 23 November 2013 / Accepted: 27 November 2013 / Published: 2 December 2013
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis and Prevention of Colorectal Cancer)
Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), or phytic acid is a natural dietary ingredient and has been described as a “natural cancer fighter”, being an essential component of nutritional diets. The marked anti-cancer effect of IP6 has resulted in our quest for an understanding of its mechanism of action. In particular, our data provided strong evidence for the induction of apoptotic cell death, which may be attributable to the up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-xl in favor of apoptosis. In addition, the up-regulation of caspase-3 and -8 expression and activation of both caspases may also contribute to the apoptotic cell death of human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells when exposed to IP6. Collectively, this present study has shown that rice bran IP6 induces apoptosis, by regulating the pro- and anti-apoptotic markers; Bax and Bcl-xl and via the activation of caspase molecules (caspase-3 and -8).
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Keywords:
inositol hexaphosphate; rice bran; apoptosis; colorectal cancer
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
MDPI and ACS Style
Shafie, N.H.; Esa, N.M.; Ithnin, H.; Saad, N.; Pandurangan, A.K. Pro-Apoptotic Effect of Rice Bran Inositol Hexaphosphate (IP6) on HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 23545-23558.
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