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10.3390/molecules30193898
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Calorimetric Studies of the Silver-Titanium System

by
Weronika Gozdur
1,
Wojciech Gierlotka
2,
Władysław Gąsior
1,
Anna Wierzbicka-Miernik
1,
Tomasz Czeppe
1,
Andrzej Budziak
3,
Agata Radziwonko
4,
Magda Pęska
4 and
Adam Dębski
1,*
1
Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
3
Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
4
Department of Functional Materials and Hydrogen Technology, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2025, 30(19), 3898; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30193898
Submission received: 4 August 2025 / Revised: 11 September 2025 / Accepted: 23 September 2025 / Published: 26 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Chemical Thermodynamics from Theory to Experiment)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Alloys from the Ag-Ti system are extremely promising and offer the possibility of versatile applications owing to their attractive properties. However, due to the experimental difficulties caused, among others, by the significant difference in melting points of the components, most of the information on the thermodynamic properties available in the literature has been obtained by computer methods. Therefore, the main aim of this work is to extend the current knowledge about the experimentally determined thermodynamic properties of selected alloys from the Ag-Ti system. Within the scope of this work, calorimetric studies were carried out using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and high-temperature drop calorimetry measurements. The first of the aforementioned methods was used to determine the characteristic temperature of the Ag0.43Ti0.57 alloy synthesized by mechanical alloying. Using titanium hydride instead of titanium for the preparation of alloys from the Ag-Ti system has not yet been reported in the literature. This paper presents a complete structural characterization (SEM, XRD studies) of the above alloy produced by this method. The second technique was applied to ascertain the mixing enthalpy change in the alloys in the composition range between xTi = 0.02–0.226, and for the measurements of the formation enthalpy of the AgTi intermetallic phase. Based on the calorimetric results obtained in this study, along with the relevant thermodynamic data from the literature, the Ag-Ti phase diagram was reoptimized.
Keywords: calorimetry; Ag-Ti alloys; thermodynamic properties; enthalpy of mixing; enthalpy of formation; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) calorimetry; Ag-Ti alloys; thermodynamic properties; enthalpy of mixing; enthalpy of formation; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gozdur, W.; Gierlotka, W.; Gąsior, W.; Wierzbicka-Miernik, A.; Czeppe, T.; Budziak, A.; Radziwonko, A.; Pęska, M.; Dębski, A. Calorimetric Studies of the Silver-Titanium System. Molecules 2025, 30, 3898. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30193898

AMA Style

Gozdur W, Gierlotka W, Gąsior W, Wierzbicka-Miernik A, Czeppe T, Budziak A, Radziwonko A, Pęska M, Dębski A. Calorimetric Studies of the Silver-Titanium System. Molecules. 2025; 30(19):3898. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30193898

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gozdur, Weronika, Wojciech Gierlotka, Władysław Gąsior, Anna Wierzbicka-Miernik, Tomasz Czeppe, Andrzej Budziak, Agata Radziwonko, Magda Pęska, and Adam Dębski. 2025. "Calorimetric Studies of the Silver-Titanium System" Molecules 30, no. 19: 3898. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30193898

APA Style

Gozdur, W., Gierlotka, W., Gąsior, W., Wierzbicka-Miernik, A., Czeppe, T., Budziak, A., Radziwonko, A., Pęska, M., & Dębski, A. (2025). Calorimetric Studies of the Silver-Titanium System. Molecules, 30(19), 3898. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30193898

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