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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Composite Material Formation Based on Biochar and Nickel (II)-Copper (II) Ferrites

by
Nina P. Shabelskaya
1,2,*,
Alexandr V. Vyaltsev
1,
Neonilla G. Sundukova
1,
Vera A. Baranova
1,
Sergej I. Sulima
3,
Elena V. Sulima
3,
Yulia A. Gaidukova
1,
Asatullo M. Radzhbov
1,
Elena V. Vasileva
1 and
Elena A. Yakovenko
1
1
Department of Ecology and Industrial Safety, Faculty of Technology, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia
2
Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology for Improving Soil Fertility and Agricultural Product Quality, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
3
Department of Chemical Technologies, Faculty of Technology, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2025, 30(19), 3900; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30193900
Submission received: 6 September 2025 / Revised: 20 September 2025 / Accepted: 25 September 2025 / Published: 26 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Synthesis and Environmental Application of Biomass-Based Materials)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This paper studies the formation process of a composite material based on an organic substance, biochar from sunflower husks, and an inorganic substance, nickel (II)-copper (II) ferrites of the composition CuxNi1−xFe2O4 (x = 0.0; 0.5; 1.0). The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. It is shown that when replacing copper (II) cations with nickel (II) cations, the average parameters and volume of the unit cell gradually decrease, and the cation–anion distances in both the tetrahedral and octahedral spinel grids also decrease with regularity. The oxide materials were found to form a film on the surface of biochar, repeating its porous structure. The obtained materials exhibit high catalytic activity in the methyl orange decomposition reaction under the action of hydrogen peroxide in an acidic medium; the degradation of methyl orange in an aqueous solution occurs 30 min after the start of the reaction. This result may be associated with the formation of the Fenton system during the oxidation–reduction process. A significant increase in the reaction rate in the system containing mixed nickel–copper ferrite as a catalyst may be associated with the formation of a more defective structure due to the Jahn–Teller effect manifestation, which creates additional active centers on the catalyst surface.
Keywords: copper (II) ferrite; nickel (II) ferrite; Jahn–Teller effect; organic dye removal; water purification copper (II) ferrite; nickel (II) ferrite; Jahn–Teller effect; organic dye removal; water purification

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shabelskaya, N.P.; Vyaltsev, A.V.; Sundukova, N.G.; Baranova, V.A.; Sulima, S.I.; Sulima, E.V.; Gaidukova, Y.A.; Radzhbov, A.M.; Vasileva, E.V.; Yakovenko, E.A. Composite Material Formation Based on Biochar and Nickel (II)-Copper (II) Ferrites. Molecules 2025, 30, 3900. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30193900

AMA Style

Shabelskaya NP, Vyaltsev AV, Sundukova NG, Baranova VA, Sulima SI, Sulima EV, Gaidukova YA, Radzhbov AM, Vasileva EV, Yakovenko EA. Composite Material Formation Based on Biochar and Nickel (II)-Copper (II) Ferrites. Molecules. 2025; 30(19):3900. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30193900

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shabelskaya, Nina P., Alexandr V. Vyaltsev, Neonilla G. Sundukova, Vera A. Baranova, Sergej I. Sulima, Elena V. Sulima, Yulia A. Gaidukova, Asatullo M. Radzhbov, Elena V. Vasileva, and Elena A. Yakovenko. 2025. "Composite Material Formation Based on Biochar and Nickel (II)-Copper (II) Ferrites" Molecules 30, no. 19: 3900. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30193900

APA Style

Shabelskaya, N. P., Vyaltsev, A. V., Sundukova, N. G., Baranova, V. A., Sulima, S. I., Sulima, E. V., Gaidukova, Y. A., Radzhbov, A. M., Vasileva, E. V., & Yakovenko, E. A. (2025). Composite Material Formation Based on Biochar and Nickel (II)-Copper (II) Ferrites. Molecules, 30(19), 3900. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30193900

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