Modern Analytical Chemistry Meets Heritage Books: Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Two Books Preserved at the Biblioteca Capitolare of Busto Arsizio
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. VOC Profile of the 16th-Century Book
2.2. VOC Profile of the 19th-Century Book
2.3. Comparative Analysis of VOC Profiles and Implications for Conservation
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sample Collection and Storage
4.2. Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction
4.3. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis
4.4. Semiquantitative Analysis of VOCs
4.5. Quality Control and Blank Runs
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Retention Time (min) | SI (NIST-20) | LRI (Calculated) | LRI (Theoretical) | Area % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Compound | XVI Century Book | XIX Century Book | ||||
Octanal | 17.15 | 771 | 1304 | 1289 (±9) | 0.42 | 0.46 |
Tetradecane | 18.98 | 909 | 1401 | 1400 | 12.48 | 17.81 |
Nonanal | 19.36 | 879 | 1424 | 1391 (±8) | 2.36 | 2.25 |
Pentadecane | 20.91 | 786 | 1502 | 1500 | 0.97 | 1.05 |
2-ethylhexanol | 21.01 | 844 | 1506 | 1491 (±5) | 1.61 | 1.57 |
Furfural | 21.09 | 830 | 1511 | 1461 (±11) | 0.11 | 0.31 * |
Decanal | 21.42 | 879 | 1538 | 1498 (±8) | 4.76 | 3.90 |
Hexadecane | 22.79 | 913 | 1601 | 1600 | 10.45 | 10.06 |
Menthol | 24.05 | 911 | 1673 | 1637 (±6) | 4.67 | 6.30 |
Octadecane | 26.19 | 825 | 1802 | 1800 | 1.66 | 1.38 |
Butoxyethoxy ethanol | 26.73 | 894 | 1827 | 1796 (±13) | 4.35 | 0.71 |
Anethole | 27.49 | 698 | 1845 | 1817 (±5) | 1.05 | 1.43 |
Diphenyl ether | 30.61 | 809 | 2129 | 2017 (±15) | 1.01 | 1.42 |
Diisopropylnaphthalene | 32.32 | 719 | 2230 | 2228 (±14) | 4.65 | 5.06 |
Diethyl phthalate | 35.58 | 745 | 2394 | 2365 (±7) | 0.77 | 1.05 |
Benzophenone | 38.27 | 678 | 2508 | 2450 (±16) | 0.59 | 0.36 |
Diisobutyl phthalate | 38.49 | 916 | 2525 | 2536 (±10) | 5.76 | 1.45 |
Total aldehyde | 7.54 * | 6.61 | ||||
Total hydrocarbons | 25.56 | 30.30 * |
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Chiodini, C.; Rovellini, P.; Chiodini, M.; Giacomelli, L.; Baglio, D.; the 5B IISS Torno Working Group. Modern Analytical Chemistry Meets Heritage Books: Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Two Books Preserved at the Biblioteca Capitolare of Busto Arsizio. Molecules 2025, 30, 2447. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112447
Chiodini C, Rovellini P, Chiodini M, Giacomelli L, Baglio D, the 5B IISS Torno Working Group. Modern Analytical Chemistry Meets Heritage Books: Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Two Books Preserved at the Biblioteca Capitolare of Busto Arsizio. Molecules. 2025; 30(11):2447. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112447
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiodini, Chiara, Pierangela Rovellini, Matteo Chiodini, Luca Giacomelli, Daniela Baglio, and the 5B IISS Torno Working Group. 2025. "Modern Analytical Chemistry Meets Heritage Books: Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Two Books Preserved at the Biblioteca Capitolare of Busto Arsizio" Molecules 30, no. 11: 2447. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112447
APA StyleChiodini, C., Rovellini, P., Chiodini, M., Giacomelli, L., Baglio, D., & the 5B IISS Torno Working Group. (2025). Modern Analytical Chemistry Meets Heritage Books: Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Two Books Preserved at the Biblioteca Capitolare of Busto Arsizio. Molecules, 30(11), 2447. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112447